Keerthana Srikumar - lambdageeks.com

Does Lead Conduct Electricity?

June 21, 2024October 22, 2022 by Keerthana Srikumar

Lead is a metal that does conduct electricity, but it is not as efficient a conductor as some other metals like silver, copper, and gold. In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the technical details of lead’s electrical conductivity, explore the factors that affect it, and compare it to other commonly used conductive materials. … Read more

Is Displacement Continuous?

June 21, 2024October 13, 2022 by Keerthana Srikumar

Displacement, a fundamental concept in physics, is a continuous variable that can take on any value within a given range, including infinite values. This is in contrast to discrete variables, which can only take on specific, distinct values. Understanding the continuity of displacement is crucial for accurately measuring and analyzing the motion of objects in … Read more

Does Carbon Conduct Electricity?

June 21, 2024September 10, 2022 by Keerthana Srikumar

Carbon, specifically in its graphitic form, is indeed capable of conducting electricity due to the delocalized electrons in its hexagonal lattice structure. The electrical conductivity of carbon materials can vary depending on factors such as purity, crystallinity, and defects. This comprehensive guide delves into the technical details and provides a hands-on understanding of how carbon … Read more

Is Distance Continuous or Discrete?

June 22, 2024August 19, 2022 by Keerthana Srikumar

Distance can be both continuous and discrete, depending on the context and the level of precision required. In physics, distance is often considered a continuous variable, while in certain contexts, such as quantum mechanics or discrete measurement units, distance can be treated as a discrete variable. Understanding Continuous Distance In classical physics, distance is typically … Read more

Solenoid Produces Magnetic Field: 11 Interesting Facts

January 21, 2024July 26, 2022 by Keerthana Srikumar

Solenoid produces magnetic field when a conventional current is been instantly passed through the wires of the solenoid. Basically when current is passed through a conducting material it will instantly produce current.

Solenoid is a current conducting material which is basically a coil wound around a straight material. When current is been passed through the wires of the coil, the respective charges present in the coil will produce both electric and magnetic fields.

Solenoid is one of the forms of electromagnet since it has magnetisms in it the minute current is passed through it. When current is passed through it, the coil produces uniform magnetic field in the given space.

When we place any metal core inside the solenoid it will make the magnetic lines of flux surround them. Also the presence of the metal core will increase the induction inside it compared to that of the air core left outside.

An interesting fact about the solenoid is that they are basic coils wound around a metal which will produce controlled magnetic fields which and rather can be used as one of the electromagnet as well.

What is the magnetic field of solenoid?

Normally when a coil simply conducts electricity the electric field and the magnetic field will be not large, but if it is said to be a solenoid the case differs.

Solenoid is a coil which conducts electricity which also produces the magnetic field inside the coil. Solenoid is the one which will produce strong magnetic field when wound around a coil. Solenoid is basically a wire wound around a current conducting coil.

The magnetic field of the coil is the one which when wound around a cylindrical coil. Usually a normal coil will produce electricity which in turn will produce electric field and magnetic field.

Solenoid is considered to be a temporary magnet due to which when it is unwound there will no trace of magnetism present in the system. The main reason for solenoid produces magnetic field is the presence of electric current in the coil.

Now when the coil has a long wire wound around it, it will also produce magnetic field. The wire wound around the coil is basically is the solenoid and this solenoid produces magnetic field. Solenoid produces magnetic field which comparatively gives of a strong magnetic field and also is uniform in nature.

The solenoid is one of the best examples for a strong electromagnet and this magnetism produced in the solenoid is a controlled magnetic field and a uniform magnetic field too.

When does a solenoid produce a magnetic field?

The answer to this question is, when the electric current is passed through the wires of the coil it will in turn produce magnetic field is simple as that.

Solenoid is simply not an individual material which by itself will produces magnetic field and in fact when wound around a coil it will produce magnetic field. Solenoid automatically produces magnetic field when the current from external source is passed through it.

Solenoid is basically a long straight wire which when wound around a current conducting coil it will produces a strong magnetic field which is a uniform magnetic field too.

Let us now take into account that the current carrying coil will for sure produce magnetic field which is very much similar to that of the bar magnet which is regarded to be a permanent magnet.

But the magnetic field produced by coil and the bar magnet is not the same because the bar magnet has magnetic field which is almost straight line and is contrary to that of the magnetic fields of the coil

Now when we consider another coil, it can be a long wire wound around the coil too. The wire is basically in circular form and will produce a magnetic field which does not intersect with the one of the solenoid.

It is how the solenoid produces magnetic field which does not intersect with other magnetic field but when put together as a whole it will produce a large and strong magnetic field.

Where is magnetic field more in solenoid?

When the circuit is closed, the current is passed to the copper wire, and it will conduct electricity which in turn produces a magnetic field.

The magnetic field in a solenoid is more close to the wire of solenoid the reason being, each turns in the wire of a solenoid will produces its own magnetic field compared to that of a straight wire.

Now let us understand this using an example, consider copper wire in circles to be connected through a glass. Place some iron fillings in the set up to know how the magnetic field works in current loops.

The iron fillings will gather mostly close to the wire loops and in the centre it will look spread around.

The main reason for this occurrence is that the magnetic in this step up is closer to the wire than in the centre as the magnetic fields in the centre are almost a straight line.

Hence, magnetic field in a solenoid will more and string in the area closer to the wire rather than in the centre, since each wire in the solenoid has number of turns which produces its own magnetic field.

How to find magnetic field in solenoid?

Magnetic field in a solenoid is a strong uniform one when current is passed into the circuit.

Solenoid produces magnetic field which acts as a temporary magnet and it will lose its magnetism property when current is not passed in the coil.

Now using a formula we shall find out how the magnetic field in a solenoid is calculated. There is a formula to calculate the magnetic field in a solenoid, B = μoIN / L. Here, μo=permeability, N= number of turns in the wire, I= amount of current passed in the coil.

Here the number of turns of wire is very much important because of the reason being, each turn of the wire will produce its own magnetic field and also a strong one.

Solenoid is usually used for practical purposes as it is used as a temporary magnet instead of a bar magnet. One main advantage of using solenoid is that they have large and strong magnetic fields.

Is magnetic field inside a solenoid is zero?

In general for a solenoid being a long one, the magnetic fields will be zero outside the solenoid but inside the solenoid there will always be magnetic field present.

In a current carrying coil as long as current is been passed to the wires wound around it there will magnetic fields produced in it.

When there is no current been passed, there will be no production of electric current due to which no electric and magnetic fields will be produced so the magnetic field in solenoid will be zero, which is one of the ways in which the magnetic field could be zero.

It can be proved using the right hand’s thumb rule, where thumb will indicate the direction of the current in the coil and the fingers encircling will indicate the direction of the magnetic field.

So by this way we can determine the magnetic field inside a solenoid, like mentioned before, it either can be due the absence of current and the long solenoid.

Why is magnetic field in solenoid uniform?

The magnetic field in a solenoid is uniform due to the fact that each turn of the wire produces its own magnetic field.

Solenoid is a material which produces a temporary magnetic field and it is a strong one. When each turn of the wire wound around the current carrying coil it produces its own magnetic field.

When the current is passed through the wire each of it will have equal amount of current passing through it. So the current passed will produce the magnetic field which is produced by each turn of the wire.

The individual magnetic field produced by the wire will merge with one another and shall create large magnetic field which results to be a uniform magnetic field too.

How does a solenoid produce a uniform magnetic field?

We must know that the amount of current passed to the solenoid and the magnetic field produced in each point of the it will be the same.

The wires in the solenoid is regarded to be parallel to each other so the magnetic produced by it will be parallel too. The parallel wires will now merge together giving a great deal of magnetic field to the system

The parallel magnetic fields of each wire will not intersect each other but they will merge with one another and create a strong uniform magnetic field.

Considering an experiment of the iron filing spread around the copper wire wound around the current carrying coils shall prove us with essential answers that the magnetic fields are uniform in the whole of the solenoid.

Unlike the straight wire, the wire wound around a coil will be circular in form. So the each circular wire will produce magnetic field which is strong compared to the straight wire.

In each of the turns the magnetic field is produced and also merges with one producing a strong uniform magnetic field.

Why solenoid has no magnetic field outside?

The magnetic field outside the solenoid is weak compared to that of inner magnetic field which is closest to the wire.

Solenoid has no magnetic field outside because of the fact that the number of turns of the wire is very much less as compared to that of lines inside the solenoid.

When we pass current, it usually is passed inside the loops of wire, so the magnetic field is strong in the core rather than outside the core. The magnetic field lines are merged and become a strong uniform one inside the solenoid making the magnetic fields outside the coils as zero.

One of the big impacts of the solenoid is that the number of turns of wire is proportional to the magnetic field produced. Each turns contributes its own magnetic field inside the solenoid and so by which the magnetic field is very much less outside the solenoid.

Problem:

A solenoid has a length of 80 cm having the number of turns of the coil to be 360 and the current passing through the solenoid is 15 A. Calculate the magnetic field produced by the solenoid?

Solution:

N = 280

I = 13 A

μo = 1.26 × 10⁻⁶ T/m

L = 0.7m

According to the formula, B = μoIN / L

B = (1.26×10⁻⁶ × 13 × 280) / 0.7

B = 6.552 × 10⁻³ N/Amps m

Conclusion

solenoid produces magnetic field when current is passed through it. the magnetic field produced in a solenoid is much more stronger and uniform too. Solenoid is a material used for practical purposes since it acts as a temporary magnet. solenoid is one of the best examples of electromagnetism. On the whole solenoid is a strong temporary magnet which will produce strong magnetic fields compared to the bar magnet.

Also Read:

Magnetic Field in a Wire: A Comprehensive Guide for Physics Students

June 24, 2024July 17, 2022 by Keerthana Srikumar

The magnetic field in a wire is a fundamental concept in electromagnetism, where the movement of electric charges, such as electrons, within the wire generates a magnetic field that surrounds the wire. This magnetic field is proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance from the wire, as described by the Biot-Savart Law.

Understanding the Biot-Savart Law

The Biot-Savart Law is a fundamental equation that describes the magnetic field generated by a current-carrying wire. The magnetic field strength, B, at a distance, r, from a straight wire carrying a current, I, can be calculated using the formula:

B = (μ₀ * I) / (2 * π * r)

Where:
– B is the magnetic field strength in Tesla (T)
– μ₀ is the permeability of free space, which has a value of approximately 4π x 10^-7 T m/A
– I is the current flowing through the wire in Amperes (A)
– r is the distance from the wire in meters (m)

This equation demonstrates that the magnetic field strength is directly proportional to the current and inversely proportional to the distance from the wire.

Magnetic Field Direction and the Right-Hand Rule

The direction of the magnetic field around a current-carrying wire is determined by the right-hand rule. If the thumb of the right hand is pointed in the direction of the current flow, the fingers will curl in the direction of the magnetic field lines.

This rule is particularly useful when visualizing the magnetic field around a wire and understanding the relationship between the current and the resulting magnetic field.

Measuring Magnetic Fields in Wires

There are several methods used to measure the magnetic field in a wire, including:

Hall Effect: The Hall effect involves passing a current through a material and measuring the voltage generated perpendicular to the current and magnetic field. This voltage is proportional to the magnetic field strength.
Gaussmeter: A gaussmeter is a device specifically designed to measure magnetic fields, often using a Hall sensor. Gaussmeters can provide precise measurements of the magnetic field strength.
Magnetic Compass: A simple magnetic compass can be used to detect the presence of a magnetic field around a wire, although it may not provide quantitative measurements.
Smartphone Compass App: Some smartphone apps can use the built-in magnetometer to detect and measure the magnetic field around a wire, providing a convenient and accessible method for students.

Calculating the Force on a Current-Carrying Wire in a Magnetic Field

In addition to measuring the magnetic field, it is also possible to determine the magnetic field strength by measuring the force exerted on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field. The force, F, on a wire of length, L, carrying a current, I, in a magnetic field, B, is given by the equation:

F = I * L * B * sin(θ)

Where:
– F is the force in Newtons (N)
– I is the current in Amperes (A)
– L is the length of the wire in meters (m)
– B is the magnetic field strength in Teslas (T)
– θ is the angle between the wire and the magnetic field in radians

By measuring the force and knowing the current and wire length, the magnetic field strength can be calculated.

Numerical Examples and Problems

Example 1: Calculate the magnetic field strength at a distance of 5 cm from a wire carrying a current of 10 A.

Given:
– Current, I = 10 A
– Distance, r = 5 cm = 0.05 m
– Permeability of free space, μ₀ = 4π × 10^-7 T m/A

Applying the Biot-Savart Law:
B = (μ₀ * I) / (2 * π * r)
B = (4π × 10^-7 T m/A * 10 A) / (2 * π * 0.05 m)
B = 4 × 10^-5 T or 0.04 mT

Example 2: A wire carrying a current of 5 A is placed in a magnetic field of 0.2 T. Calculate the force on a 10 cm section of the wire if the wire is perpendicular to the magnetic field.

Given:
– Current, I = 5 A
– Magnetic field, B = 0.2 T
– Wire length, L = 10 cm = 0.1 m
– Angle between wire and magnetic field, θ = 90° (perpendicular)

Applying the force equation:
F = I * L * B * sin(θ)
F = 5 A * 0.1 m * 0.2 T * sin(90°)
F = 0.1 N

These examples demonstrate the application of the Biot-Savart Law and the force equation to calculate the magnetic field strength and the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field, respectively.

Additional Resources and References

Magnetic Field due to a Current in a Straight Wire – Nagwa: https://www.nagwa.com/en/explainers/909137183476/
Measuring Magnetic Fields: Two Unconventional Methods – Magnetic Compass and iPhone Compass App: https://www.wired.com/2014/01/measure-magnetic-field/
Lab 5 – Force on a Wire – WebAssign: https://www.webassign.net/question_assets/ncsulcpem2/lab_5/manual.html

Magnetic Flux And Current: 9 Facts You Should Know

January 20, 2024July 12, 2022 by Keerthana Srikumar

Magnetic flux and current go hand in hand, and they have the differences. When current is induced in an area there will be magnetic flux and this magnetic flux will be opposite to that of the normal flux.

Now there will be a coil where we will induce current into it and then we can see the production of a magnetic flux. we see that when there is current induced there will automatically be an electric field and magnetic field produced inside the coil. So now when there is both magnetic and electric field there will also be flux lines.

Magnetic flux is simply the quantity which measures the amount of magnetic force that passes through a unit area per unit time. The magnetic flux is generally the number of lines which usually pass through the given unit area.

Is magnetic flux same as magnetic current?

Simplest terms, a magnetic flux is comparable with electrical current as well as a magnetization in which current plays a major role is comparable with electrical voltage.

Although there are significant distinctions, a magnetic circuit is comparable to an electrical circuit. Magnetomotive force is equivalent to electromagnetic force inside of an electrical circuit.

Every current that flows in a circuit would produce an opposing magnetic flux to one that was there before the current was produced. The induced current creates a north pole heading in the direction of said magnet’s north pole towards a conductive path. As a result, the change that brought about the current is repelled by this force.

How does magnetic flux affect current in a circuit?

An ample amount of voltage (emf) can therefore be generated into to the winding solely through magnetism. The three different elements listed below which influences the current in the circuit by partially affecting the emf across them.

Expanding the quantity of wire turns in the windings – As the multitude of transmission lines or the coils slashing across the magnetic field increases, the sum of induced electromotive force generated would be the summation of all the specific grooves of the coil; therefore, if the coil has 20 turns, there will be 70 percent extra caused emf than in a single loop of string.

Enhancing the relative movement of the coil with regards to the magnetic flux – Apart from the number of wounding, if the coil passing through the same magnetic field but with an increased velocity, the wires would interrupt the magnetic flux lines more quickly therewith producing an enhanced emf.

Strengthening the magnetic field – When the same coil is forced into a much stronger magnetic field, more magnetic flux lines would be broken and produces more emf.

How does magnetic flux relate to current?

The magnetic field becomes significantly stronger when the wire is twisted into a coil, creating a strong and static magnetic field surrounding on its own in the form of an electromagnet with a clear direction from north to south. The magnetic flux that formed around the coil was inversely proportional to the applied current running through its coils.

This dynamic magnetic flux would be enhanced if successive layers of wire were coiled together on the same loop with much the same current running across them.

As a result, a coil’s ampere spins are what decide how strong its magnetic field is. The coil’s static magnetic flux becomes stronger as more wire turns inside of it.

Does magnetic flux change with magnetic current?

Yes, the magnetic flux changes with magnetic current. In order by changing the strength of the magnetic field, the number of loops or the relative movement of the coil with the field the current changes proportionally.

E.g. When the generator is rotating around a loop or volume of loops of wire, it induces a current around the loop which in turn changes the flux at a fixed magnetic field.

Thus, the output of the generator is produced when the induced voltage produced around the loop stimulates the current to flow. The change in current with respect to the magnetic flux can be explained with Lenz law.

Lenz Law: The induced current will always flow in the direction of increasing the flux inside the loop. Incase if there is a decrease in flux produced then the current will flow in the opposite direction.

**“Currents related to magnetic fields” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

How does current change in the magnetic field?

The ferromagnetic substance is transported past the wire coil in order to follow magnetic field information. So, when the ferromagnetic substance is brought across the wire the magnetic field that is surrounding the data which enables reading is modified completely.

The object’s motion actually induces the current in the coil which in turn shifts the magnetic field. Hence proportionally the changes are brought in the magnetic field. When the speed of transportation of the ferromagnetic substance is increased the magnetic field would also be increased producing inducing emf.

magnetic flux and current — **“Magnetic Field” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

How to calculate magnetic flux from current?

A portion of the flux is evenly spread throughout the coil as it is moving. Let the magnetic flux be denoted by B and the unit is Weber (Wb). Since it is direction dependent it is a vector quantity. The magnetic flux is hence denoted by ϕB. Let n be the number of coil turns and A be the cross section of the wire, So the magnetic flux will be ΦB = n BA cosθ Wb

According to Biot-Savart law, The magnetic intensity at any place in the coil is directly proportional to the current flowing across the wire and inversely proportional to the length of the wire from that point.

Where B is the magnetic field intensity, µ0 is the permeability whose value is 4π, A is the area of the coil wounded and N represents the number of wounding. Hence the formula is given by,

B=µ0NI/ 2A

**“Magnetic field and the currents” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

Graph between magnetic flux and current

The direction of the magnetic flux is in right angles to the current induced inside the coil. We also know that when there is current there is electric field and magnetic field as well inside it.

Below given is the graph plotted between two conductors A and B, where it is between the magnetic flux and the current. When current is increased there will also be an increase in the magnetic field.

Problem:

The circular coil of radius 6 × 10-2 m and with 30 turns is carrying a current of 0.35 A. Calculate the magnetic field of the circular coil at the center.

Solution:

The radius of the circular coil = 6 × 10-2 m

Number of turns of the circular coil = 30

Current carried by the circular coil = 0.35 A

Magnetic field is given as:

B=µ0NI/ 2A

= 4π × 10-7 (30) (0.35) / 2 (2 π (6 x 10-2)

= 1.75 x 10-5 T

Conclusion

Magnetic flux is the number of line that is passing in a given unit area per unit time. Magnetic flux and current both must exist due to the production of the magnetic and the electric fields. In order to know how the magnetic field which exist we also need to know that current must be passed in the system.

Is Magnetic Flux A Magnetic Force: 7 Facts You Should Know

January 20, 2024July 12, 2022 by Keerthana Srikumar

Is magnetic flux a magnetic force? Yes, magnetic flux is a magnetic force whereby both are the attributes of the Magnet. Magnetic flux is the entire magnetic field that travels through a precise region. It is a valuable tool for describing the effects of the magnetic force on anything at a selected point.

The magnetic field is the sector wherein moving charges feel the force, and the flux density is the volume of magnetization that pass through it. Magnetic flux measurement is specific to the location chosen. Unit of Flux is Weber 1 Weber = 108 lines of magnetic force.

The spirals encircling the plasma-filled toroidal vacuum system create the toroidal field. (To prevent the plasma from being chilled by exchanges with air particles, it must be placed inside an evacuated chamber.) Designs utilizing cryogenic coils have started to take the place of copper coils to reduce the power inefficiencies in the coils.

Can flux be magnetic force?

The north pole of a compass will repel and spot away from a magnet if it is placed close to the magnet’s north pole. Therefore, the strong magnetic lines of a magnet step away out of its north pole and more towards its south pole. The compass continues to remain subject to magnetic forces, those brought on by the Earth, even after the magnet has been taken out of the equation.

The oscillating magnetic forces generated by the spinning permanent magnets as well as the current shifting of the coils cause vibration to occur through the small air gap when enduring magnet motors and turbines generate torque. Finite element techniques can be used to determine the magnetic force using the flux density and the Maxwell primary standard in cylindrical coordinates.

The source of machinery vibration can indeed be identified via strong magnetic analysis, in addition to the torque that the engine produces as output. In permanent magnet DC rotating machines, travelling magnetic fields cause vibration.

With the assistance of two pairs of magnets, the Maglev train system can drive elevated trains forward by taking full advantage of the absence of friction. One set of magnets is used to repel and drive the level up off the track. To raise, accelerate, and direct a vehicle across a track, maglevs make use of a fundamental magnetic force principle: magnetic poles resist one another while contrary magnetic poles attract one another (or guideway).

How does the fridge door stay shut? The soft magnetic ceramics in the refrigerator magnets, such as barium ferrite as well as strontium ferrite, align the orientations of delocalized electrons in the copper atoms in the refrigerators in a rather way that perhaps the magnet and the refrigerator door are drawn to each other, holding the doors closed.

The major and minor diameters of the plasma in a fusion reactor process called nuclear fusion would be approximately 10 m (33 feet) and 2 to 3 m, respectively. The doughnut-shaped magnetic field’s flux density would be measured in several Tesla, and the plasma flow is in order of 10 million amperes.

is magnetic flux a magnetic force — **“Strong Magnetic force” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

What is magnetic Flux?

The overall amplitude of the magnetic field’s structural component, designated as element “B,” as determined over the surface region is called the magnetic flux in the domain of magnetism. The area summation of B above a surface yields the magnetic flux estimate for that surface.

The maximum count of field lines that pass through the confines of the observed closed surface is another way to describe magnetic flux. Both SI unit Weber (Wb), as well as the CGS unit maxwell, is used to describe the magnetic flux, which is also represented by the symbols or B.

The magnetic flux is measured using a device known as a fluxmeter. Because each measurable location in the magnetic flux has a pressure exertion magnitude and direction, it is regarded as a velocity field. Magnetism can be graphically represented as a collection of lines known as field lines. Therefore, it is argued that perhaps the gross volume of field lines on a surface is dependent upon the size of something like the magnetic flux within this area.

To calculate this number of lines, though, one must subtract the number of lines going one way from the number going the other. The magnetic flux density is the difference that was found.

5290668855 bde2d88c04 b — **“Lines of force” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

What is magnetic force?

We are aware that excited electrons are flowing in a defined way as a result of the conductor’s current. Each particle travelling in such a conductor or circuit feels a force when it is positioned in the magnetic field.

Consequently, the magneto restrictive force is exerted on the current-carrying wire or conductor. Let’s imagine a charged particle is travelling in a uniform magnetic field at a velocity of v.

The magnetic force is a force that the charge “q” experiences as a consequence of the interplay between both the magnetic field created by strategy should be implemented as well as the magnetism supplied.

**“Magnetic liens of force” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

How is magnetic flux related to magnetic force?

The magnetic line of force, which has the following characteristics, produces magnetism. The closed-loop is created by the magnetized line of force. The magnetic lines force is north to south in direction. However, inside the magnetic field, they move in the opposite direction, from southwards.

The magnetic lines don’t cross over one another. When parallel and facing the same way, magnetic lines repel one another, the quasi-magnetic substances do not affect one.

Magnetic forces are also used to operate microwave ovens. To provide the energy needed for cooking, they employ a magnetron. A vacuum tube called a magnetron is made to make electrons move around inside the tube in a loop. The magnetic force which enables the electrons to flow in a loop is made by placing a magnet around the tube.

Data is contained using a succession of some very small earth’s magnetic fields in computers, cassette tapes, and credit cards. A magnetic flux oriented either to the north or indeed the south corresponds to the binary numeral units of binary, which computers use to process information.

There is an instance of a hard disc or cassette, these fields are wrapped or spun, making it possible for a magnetized detector to interpret them. The disc has a magnetic layer that is made up of trillions upon trillions of small magnets. Information is recorded in the disc using an electromagnetic head.

Difference between magnetic flux and magnetic force

The main distinctions seen between the magnetic field and magnetic flux are as follows. The magnetic field is a region surrounding a magnetic field in which the polarities and a moving charge encounter the forces of attraction and repulsion. The magnetic flux, on the other hand, displays the proportions of said magnetic lines of force which flow through it.

The magnetic field is computed as the sum of the moving charges’ orientation and magnetic field intensity. In contrast, a magnetic field is indeed the result of the region all-around magnets and the field strength.

The usage of the electromagnetic force, diamagnets, rare-earth magnets, and cryogenic materials are feasible for magnetic levitation locomotion and suspension. When you take a train again, you’ll be shocked to discover that you’re riding on massive magnets.

The SI-derived unit for magnetic flux is Weber, whilst Telsa is the SI unit for a magnetic field. Overall magnetic flux is dependent on the field strength and radius, whereas the magnetic field is solely dependent on the magnet that produces it.

Is magnetic flux density a force?

The magnetic flux is the amount of flux line passing through a given unit area. The quantity of magnetic flux passing over a unit surface area is measured perpendicularly to the magnetic flow’s path. In simple words it is the orientation and magnetizing force that surrounds a pole or a direct charge.

The conductivity in the area where the force is present multiplied by the magnetic fields gives the magnetic flux density. Equation F = q v B, where q is the quantity of electrical potential, v is the charge’s velocity, B is the magnetic flux intensity at the charge’s position, and is the vector product, describes the force acting on electric charges travelling through a magnetic field.

Problem:

A squared loop with a side of 6 cm is placed in a 0.9 T uniform magnetic field such that the loop’s plane forms a 60° angle with the magnetic field. What flux is present in the square loop?

Solution:

Φm =BAcosθ

= 0.9 x (6 x 6) x cos60

=16.2 mWb

Conclusion

Overall magnetic flux is dependent on the field strength and radius, whereas the magnetic field is solely dependent on the magnet that produces it. Both magnetic fields, as well as magnetic flux, have relationships with one another. Due to the obvious magnetic flow, the magnetic field is produced. Therefore we must know that depending upon the circumstances the magnetic flux and the magnetic force will be same and differ according to the need.

Also Read:

What Causes Centripetal Acceleration: 7 Facts You Should Know

January 21, 2024June 28, 2022 by Keerthana Srikumar

Centripetal refers to “center seeking,” hence the force felt by an item moving in a circle is referred to as centripetal force.

Centripetal accelerations are brought on by centripetal forces. Any satellite’s circular motion around a celestial body, with the exception of the Earth’s rotation around the Sun, is caused by the centripetal force created by their mutual gravitational attraction.

As an illustration, when a person spins a ball suspended from a rope horizontally over his head, the rope transfers a centripetal force generated by the muscles in the hand and arm, causing the ball to move in a circular motion.

The distance travelled in the special situation of circular motion is equal to the circumference of a circle, or 2r, where r is the circle’s radius and is a mathematical constant. The period is denoted by letter T which is the amount of time taken by an object to finish one complete rotation of its own circular route.

1 4 — **“Centripetal acceleration” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

What Is Centripetal Acceleration?

A shift in velocity is known as an acceleration. So how does something travelling in a circle at a constant speed experience acceleration? Velocity and speed aren’t quite the same thing, though. Speed is simply how quickly you’re moving.

Because it lacks a direction, it is a scalar. Your speed and direction are your velocity, on the other hand. It has a direction, making it a vector. As an illustration, 3 mph is a speed, but 3 mph south is a velocity.

The direction of an object travelling in a circle changes continuously, so does its velocity. Additionally, any time an object’s velocity changes, even if only in one direction rather than both, that object must be speeding up.

What causes centripetal acceleration facts?

If we take a uniform circular motion into account, we can observe that the speed and the separation between the item and the centre do not change, making the centripetal acceleration a constant as well.

The radius vector, which is basically claimed to be connected to the radius of the path along which the circular motion occurs it, is one of the factors to be kept in mind. The vector is the centripetal acceleration directed, i.e., it is inwards, along this radius.

There is a dependency for the centripetal acceleration and the two main factors it depends on it is the tangential speed and the angular velocity of the object under motion.

If we consider the uniform circular motion then the centripetal acceleration is not regarded to be a constant vector. The reason being is that the velocity and the separation between the object under motion in the centre always remains constant.

The vector, or radius vector, is corresponding to the circular motion’s radius. The vector represents the direction of the centripetal acceleration along this radius. Hence, it is internal.

Where r is regarded as the radius, v is regarded as the tangential velocity, and ac is regarded as the centripetal acceleration. The centripetal acceleration often has a negative sign in vector form.

What causes centripetal acceleration?

The general force causes the centripetal acceleration. It is the tension in the string for a game of swing ball (or tetherball).

It is gravity’s pull on a satellite. The force which exists between the car and the turning is the frictional force and it is also called as the bridging force.

The object will continue moving in a straight path perpendicular to the circle if you remove that force, which also removes the centripetal acceleration.

what causes centripetal acceleration — **“Swinging ball” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

What factors affecting centripetal acceleration?

The kind of force required to move the object in circular motion is regarded to be the centripetal force. There are mainly three factors which affect the centripetal force and are as given: mass of the object; its speed; the radius of the circle.

At constant tangential velocity and circular path radius, centripetal force is linearly proportional to the object mass.

Slope = F / m = v² / r

At constant radius of a circular path and object mass, centripetal force is directly proportional to the square of the tangential velocity.

Slope = F / v² = m / r

F = m v² / r

At constant tangential velocity and object mass, centripetal force is inversely proportional to the radius of the circular path.

Slope = F r = m v²

What force causes centripetal acceleration when the coin is stationary relative to the turntable?

The static friction force that is existing between the coin and the turntable mainly exists when the coin and turntable are at rest with respect to each other and in turn it produces the centripetal acceleration that drives the system in motion.

What force causes centripetal acceleration of a car making a turn?

Generally there exists a force called the frictional force between the tyre and the road and this is the only reason for the car to move in circular motion. If there isn’t enough friction, the automobile will move in a curve with a bigger radius and veer off the road.

Let’s say we focus on a certain car doing a specific banked curve. Since the car’s mass and turn radius are fixed, the centripetal force required to turn the car (mv²/r) relies on its speed; higher speeds necessitate greater centripetal forces, while lower speeds necessitate smaller centripetal forces.

On following the arithmetic pattern, the amount of centripetal force required for the car to turn is as given (the horizontal component of the normal force = mg tan θ) is fixed (since the mass of the car and the bank angle are fixed rates). It follows that our discovery of the speed at which the centripetal force required to turn the car matches the centripetal force generated by the road makes sense.

A car’s weight, mg, which pulls the vehicle downward, and the normal force, N, caused by the road, which pushes the vehicle upward, are the forces acting on the vehicle when it is on a level (unbanked) surface.

There is no horizontal component to either of these forces, which both act vertically. Without friction, there is no force that can generate the centripetal force necessary to cause the car to drive in a circular motion; the vehicle cannot spin.

On the other hand, the normal force, which is always perpendicular to the surface of the road, is no longer vertical if the car is in a banked turn.

It will be necessary for the car to move at just the proper speed so that the centripetal force it requires is equal to the force that is already present, but it is possible. Even on perfectly smooth ice, a car could safely navigate a banked curve if driven at just the proper speed.

2 5 — **“Acceleration of car” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

What causes centripetal acceleration of an electron in a hydrogen atom?

There exists negative and positive charge, for electron it is the negative and for the nucleus it is the positive charge. The centripetal force required for the electrons to revolve around the nucleus is provided by this electrostatic force.

4 2 — **“Hydrogen atom” Image credits: Wikimedia**

Conclusion

Centripetal acceleration has a magnitude and this magnitude has direct dependency over the tangential speed and the angular velocity. Keeping all these facts in mind we may now conclude that the centripetal acceleration is caused by several other factors but as these two factors too. Also the centripetal acceleration is regarded to be the scalar number.

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Does The Direction Of Magnetic Force Change? 11 Crucial Facts

January 20, 2024June 27, 2022 by Keerthana Srikumar

Does the direction of magnetic force change? the answer to this is as we discuss further. We can discover crucial details about a part of our world that would not otherwise be available by connecting the observable changes to underlying processes.

Reversals, which happen at random periods a few times every million years, have historically been linked to the quickest changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.

But unlike any of the data linked to real reversals, we found field changes that are far faster and more recent.

Does the direction of magnetic field change?

The magnetic force modifies the direction of the particle’s movement but not its speed or kinetic energy. Magnetic force on a wire, Magnetic deflection of electrons in a cathode-ray tube, Magnetic force on a proton.

does the direction of magnetic force change — **“Earth’s Magnetic Field” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

In regions where the magnetic field was diminishing, Davies and Constable found that the magnetic field may shift by as much as 10 degrees every year. This rate is around 10 times quicker than what prior models predicted and nearly 100 times faster than changes observed in contemporary measurements.

The models demonstrated that the magnetic field direction would abruptly change as parts of the molten core flipped direction. The researchers’ observations of rapid directional changes at low latitudes were consistent with the fact that this core reversal was more frequent in regions near to the equator.

According to the study’s authors, this fresh evidence that low latitudes undergo changes the fastest recommends that scientists should focus their efforts there in the future.

Why does the direction of magnetic force change?

Electromagnetic forces connect electric currents with fluid flow. Additionally, the makeup of the core is probably not uniform. Eddy currents can be produced via electromagnetic induction in addition to the fluid flow carrying charge. Without fairly powerful computers, it is impossible to solve the equations characterizing this extremely complicated system.

The substance which creates the Earth’s outer core is both a liquid and a conductor of electricity. Thermal convection currents give out fluid flow.

The Earth’s magnetic field is “chaotic,” according to numerical simulations, and it frequently changes its polarity and structure. Due to this intricacy, it is possible for the magnetic field to vary without the electric currents’ directions necessarily changing anywhere they are flowing.

A relatively slight change in flow could result in a significant shift (or even a reversal) in the magnetic field because the system is “chaotic.” Despite being simulations, the computer models have been very successful at recreating the secular variation of the magnetic field that we can measure at the Earth’s surface.

3 4 — **“Magnetic fields that change” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

How much does the direction of magnetic field change?

The planet’s liquid core produces the magnetic field, with the iron’s whirling movements producing a field that stretches into space. By diverting the solar wind—a stream of charged particles flowing from the sun—it serves as a barrier shielding Earth from the sun’s harmful radiation and aids in maintaining our atmosphere.

Scientists have found that the earth’s magnetic field may shift directions about ten times more quickly than previously assumed. Researchers were able to demonstrate how the field has altered over time by simulating the last 100,000 years of activity. Findings indicated that abrupt changes in direction frequently occur during times of reversal, when the field is locally weak.

The magnetic field is continually shifting because of the liquid core’s movements. The magnetic north and south poles switch positions when it becomes significantly weaker. These eras have been connected to extinctions and are accompanied by elevated radiation. Understanding how, when, and why changes occur is difficult since they occur over incredibly long stretches of time.

4 1 — **“The amount of magnetic field that changes” Image Credits: Wikimedia**

How often and when does the direction of magnetic field change?

Since it has a North pole and a South pole, the magnetic field primarily resembles a dipole. A compass needle will be directly down or up in these locations, accordingly. It is frequently said to resemble the field of a bar magnet, such as one seen on a refrigerator. The Earth’s field, which differs greatly from that of a bar magnet, exhibits significant small-scale fluctuation.

Using a magnetic compass will reveal that the Earth has a magnetic field. It is mostly produced in the planet’s extremely hot molten core and has likely existed for the majority of the planet’s history.

It’s interesting to note that sometimes the magnetic field just experiences a “excursion” rather than a reversal.

Here, it experiences a significant loss in overall strength, or the force that propels the compass needle. The field does not reverse during an force; rather, it later regenerates with the same polarity in action, so North pole remains North and South pole remains South.

What changes the magnetic field direction?

Cretaceous Period is usually the time periods which has reversals at every other points in history of earth. Reversals are neither predictable nor, by any means, cyclical. Therefore, we are limited to discussing the average reversal interval.

The Earth’s magnetic field has experienced many polarity reversals throughout its history. This is seen in the magnetic patterns of volcanic rocks, particularly those dug up from ocean floors. Averaging 4 or 5 reversals every million years over the past 10 million years.

For instance, it appears from the mathematical simulations that a complete reversal may take between one and several thousand years to complete. Although sluggish on a human time scale, this is rapid by geological standards.

As mentioned above, there isn’t much information available from geological measurements concerning how the magnetic field changes as it reverses.

It’s also possible that over time, the poles will “wander” from their present locations towards and across the equator. Anywhere on Earth, the field’s overall power may be no stronger than a tenth of what it is right now.

Right-hand principle

The right-hand rule is simply a convenient technique for physicists to recall the expected directions of motion; it is based on the underlying physics that connects magnetic fields and the forces they exert on moving charges.

To remember the direction of magnetic forces, physicists applied a hand code known as the right-hand rule. Next, point your middle finger such that it is parallel to your index and thumb.

There are times when a physicist will unintentionally use their left hand, leading them to forecast that the magnetic force will point in the wrong direction.

16232152532 9e6ea7b434 b — **“Magnetic field by the right hand rule” Image Credits : Wikimedia**

Magnetic Field Change Examples

Current In Wire
Magnetic Field Caused By Current In Wire
The Magnetic Field In MRI

Current In Wire

Since we already know that current is nothing more than moving charges, when a current is flowing through a wire, it will only be impacted by a magnetic field in the same way as a single moving charge.

The movement of positive charges via a wire is what we mean when we talk about conventional current in a wire

The thumb points in the positive xxx direction, the first finger in the positive yyy direction, and the middle finger in the positive zzz direction. This is known as the right-hand rule.

Magnetic Field Caused By Current In Wire

A straight wire’s magnetic field, created by a current flowing through it, forms a ring around the wire. You can locate it by curling your fingers and pointing your right thumb in the direction of the wire’s current. The magnetic field surrounding the wire will cause your fingers to curl in the same direction.

Magnetic fields are not just influenced by moving charges; they can also be produced by moving charges. A second right-hand rule can be used to determine the magnetic field produced by moving charges.

It turns out that if you already know the direction of the magnetic field, you can apply the opposite of this method to determine the direction of the current in a wire.

This time, point your thumb in the magnetic field’s direction, and curl your fingers like you did before. This time, you can determine the direction of the current that generates the magnetic field by looking at the circular motion of your fingers.

The Magnetic Field In MRI

A powerful fixed magnetic field is used to align the individual protons connected to water molecules throughout the body during an MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, procedure. This alignment procedure is the first stage of a measurement that makes use of tiny proton deviations from the field to map out the structure and density of distinct patient body sections.

In order to perform a basic MRI, a strong magnetic field must be generated along the body’s axis. This is the reason why one design of the gadget features a huge electromagnet coil that encircles the patient’s torso.

The current that spirals around the patient creates a magnetic field that points straight down the patient’s body, as we have learnt from the right-hand rule.

Conclusion

Like we have seen from the above discussion, we know that the magnetic field changes according to the factors. There are so many tings which contributes to the change in the magnetic field. Earth’s magnetic field is the natural occurring and it may very depending upon the factors that affects the action.

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