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Negative Electrostatic Force: What, When And Facts

January 20, 2024February 16, 2022 by AKSHITA MAPARI

In this article, we shall learn about the negative electrostatic force, what makes the electrostatic force negative, with detailed facts.

The electrostatic force is a force imposed on other charged particles due to the presence of that charge in the electric field produced by the electric charge in that area.

What is Negative Electrostatic Force?

The electrostatic force is given by the equation F=1/4 ɛπ (q₁q₂/r²)

Where 1/4 ɛπ=9*10⁹Nm²/C² is a constant.

ɛ₀=8.85*10^-12C²/Nm²

q₁ and q₂ are two charged particles, and

d is a distance between the two charges

If the product of the two charges is negative then the electrostatic force between the two charges is negative, hence the force is said to be a negative electrostatic force.

Problem 1: Calculate the electrostatic force between the charge q₁ and q₂ possessing charge -1C and +3C respectively. These two charges are separated by a distance of 2.5 cm.

Given: q₁= -1C q₂= +3C d= 2.5cm

negative electrostatic force — **Negative Electrostatic Force**

We have, F=1/4 ɛπ (q₁q₂/r²)

=9*10⁹ * {(-1C)* 3C/(2.5)²}

=9*10⁹*{-3/6.25}

=-4.32*10⁹N

The electrostatic force is negative due to the negative charge of the particle.

When Electrostatic Force is Negative?

The force between the two oppositely charged particles is always attractive.

If the two charged particles separated by some distance shows the force of attraction towards each other then the electrostatic force is negative.

The electrostatic force is F∝ q₁q₂ and F∝ 1/d.

The distance cannot be negative; hence, the condition for the electrostatic force to be negative completely relies upon the product of the two charges among which the electrostatic force is imposed.

If one charge is positive the other must be negatively charged. That is if q₁=+ve then q₂=-ve; and if q₁=-ve then q₂=+ve.

Both the charges should not have unique charges. If the charges are like charges then the product of the two will be positive. That is if q₁=+ve and q₂=+ve; then q₁ q₂=+ve and if q₁=-ve and q₂=-ve, then q₁ q₂=+ve. Hence, both the charges should not have similar charges for the electrostatic force to be negative.

Negative Electrostatic Force Point

The negative electrostatic force is due to the negative charge carriers that produce negative electric fields. The force on the positively charged particle present in this negative electric field is a negative electrostatic force and the point of origin of the negative electrostatic force that is the point charge which is negatively charged generating the electric field resembles the negative electrostatic force point.

The positive charge in the electric field produced by the negative point charge will show the forces of attraction towards the point charge; hence the electrostatic force will be negative. All the other negative charges in this field area will repel away from each exerting positive electrostatic force on negative charges.

Can Electrostatic Force be Negative?

Basically, if we see, the presence of force implies the positive quantity of force, so the force can be either zero in the absence or positive.

But the electrostatic force is a vector quantity and can be negative depending upon the charge of the particle imposing force on the other charges.

Every charged particle produced an electric field in proportionate with the charge that they carry, given by the relation

E=1/4 ɛπ (q/r²)

The electric field is related to the electrostatic force between the two charged particle by the relation,

F= qE

Where F is an electrostatic force

Q is a charge and

E is the electric field

The electrostatic force will be negative, if the positively charged carriers are present in the electric field generated by the negative charge, or if the negative charge is present in the field produced by positively charged particles.

The negative electrostatic force indicates that the force acting between the two charged particles is the attractive force. If the electric field is positive, then the electrostatic force imposed on the negative charge in this field will be negative.

Let us understand this with an example.

Consider a charge particle present at a point A as shown in the below figure. The electric field produced by this particle is 14 × 10²² N/C. Two other particles q₁ and q₂ having charge of -2C and +2C are placed in this field region separated by some distance. Calculate the electrostatic force imposed on each of these charged particles due to the electric field produced by a particle at point A.

Given: E =14 × 10²² N/C, q₁ = -2C, q₂ = +2C

We know F=qE

Hence, the electrostatic force on charge q1 in electric field is

F₁=q₁E

=(-2)*14*10²²

=-28*10²²N

The electrostatic force is negative; this implies that the force between the charge q1 and the source point charge is attractive. The charge at point A is exerting a force on q1 to bring it closer to point A.

The electrostatic force on charge q₂ in electric field is

F₂=q₂E

=(2)*14*10²²

=28*10²²N

The electrostatic force between the charge place at point A and the charge q₂ is positive, which indicates that the force between the two is repulsive as they constitute similar charges.

Negative vs Positive Electrostatic Force

The negative electrostatic force is an attractive force existing between the two unlike charges whereas the positive electrostatic force is a repulsive force between the two like charges, that says, both the charges are either positively charged or negatively charged.

The negative electrostatic force increases if the distance separating the two charges increases apart and the positive electrostatic force increases if the distance separating the two charges decreases.

Read more on Electrostatics.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the work done by the negative electrostatic force?

The negative electrostatic force is an attractive force exerted on each by two unlike charges.

The work is done by the particles on each other to get them closer to each other, hence exerting the force of attraction.

Is negative electrostatic force an attractive force?

The negative electrostatic force resembles the attractive force between the unlike charges.

The unlike charged particles always tend to attract towards each other as the empty holes that give a positive charge to the particles due to lack of electrons are ready to fill this vacancy by attracting electrons.

Also Read:

Electrostatic Force And Charge: What, How And Detailed Facts

January 20, 2024February 15, 2022 by AKSHITA MAPARI

In this article, we will discuss how the electrostatic force and charge of the particle between which the electrostatic force acts are dependent on each other.

The electrostatic force is the force of attraction and repulsion between the two unlike and like charges respectively and is directly dependent on the product of the charged particles.

Is electric force directly proportional to charge?

The electric force directly depends on the product of the two charges and on the distance separating the both.

If q₁ and q₂ both are like charged particles, then the electrostatic force is positive and repulsive; and if both consist of different charges, that is, if one is positive and the other is negative then the electrostatic force will be negative and attractive.

The electric force is related to the charge of the particle by the formula,

F=1/ 4πɛ (q₁q₂/r²)

Where 1/ 4πɛ=9*10⁹Nm²/C²

ɛ =8.85*10^-12Nm²/C²

q₁ and q₂ are two charged particles, and

d is a distance between the two charges

Since,FA∝Bq₁q₂

If the product of the charges is negative then electrostatic force is negative and the force between the two charges is attraction.

And if the product is positive then the force between the two charges is the repulsive force and the force is positive.

Analogous to the product of charges, the electrostatic force also depends upon the distance allying the two charged particles inversely. If the gap between the two like charges increases then the effect of the electrostatic force between the two decreases. If the distance of separation of two unlike charges increases then the force of attraction also increases along with the distance.

Problem 1: Consider two charged particles Q₁, Q₂, Q₃,and Q₄ carrying a charge of -1C, 3C, -2C, and 1C respectively. Calculate the electrostatic force on particle Q₁.

electrostatic force and charge — **Fig. Electrostatic force between the charged particles**

Solution: The electrostatic force on a particle Q₁ due to charge Q₂ is

F₁=1/ 4πɛ (q₁q₂/r²)

=9*10⁹(-3/4)

=-6.75*10⁹N

The electrostatic force on a particle Q₁ due to charge Q₃ is

F₂=1/ 4πɛ (q₁q₂/r²)

=9*10⁹ (-1C)* (-2C)(2.8)²

=9*10⁹*{2/7.84}

=2.3*9*10⁹N

The electrostatic force on a particle Q₁ due to charge Q₄ is

F₂=1/ 4πɛ (q₁q₂/r²)

=9*10⁹ (-1C)* (-2C)(2)²

=9*10⁹*{1/4}

=-2.25*10⁹N

Hence, the net force acting on the charge Q1 is

F=F₁+F₂+F₃

=(-6.75+2.3+(-2.25))*10⁹

=-6.7*10⁹N

Thus, we can see that if the product of the two charges is positive then the electrostatic force will be positive, otherwise, it is negative that is the attractive force.

Electrostatic Force on Charge in Electric Field

The electrostatic force is a force experienced between the charged particles separated by some distance.

The force imposed by one charged particle on the other charge carrier is directly proportional to the electric field produced by itself and the total charge of the particle on which the force is exerted.

If the force due to two charge carriers is given by the relation F=1/ 4πɛ (q₁q₂/r²), then the electric field due to charge q₁ is E₁=1/ 4πɛ (q₁/r₁²) and the electric field due to charge q₂ is E₂=1/ 4πɛ (q₂/r₂²)

Hence, the electrostatic force experienced on charge q₁ due to charge q₂ is F=q₁E₁, and the electrostatic force experienced on charge q₂ due to charge q₁ is F=q₂E₂.

Now we can say that E=F/q

The electric field is the ratio of the electrostatic force and the charge of the carrier. The electrostatic force persists within the range of the electric field produced by the charged particle.

Read more on Electrostatics.

Problem 2: What is the electric field due to a particle of charge +3C at a distance of 3cm? How much force will it exert on the charge of +1C separated by a distance of 5cm?

Given: q₁=+3C

q₂=+1C

r₁=3cm

r₂=5cm

The electric field due to charge +3C at a distance 3cm is

E₁=1/ 4πɛ (q₁/r₁²)

=9*10⁹(3/3²)

=3*10⁹N

The electrostatic force between the two particles is

F=1/ 4πɛ (q₁q₂/r²)

=9*10⁹*{3*1/5²}

=9*10⁹*{3/25}

=1.08*10⁹ N

How Electrostatic Force Acts on Charges?

The charged particles produce their own electric field on mobility and are confined to the charge of the particle and the gap of separation from other charges.

The negative charge carrier will exert an attractive force on the positively charged particle and the repulsive force on the negatively charged particle.

The charge carrier will form an electric field within which this force of attraction or repulsion will be influenced. The electrostatic force between the like charges is always repulsive force because they tend to move away from each other as the charge carriers of the two is the same and they spin in the opposite direction to apart.

If the two particles consist of unlike charges, then they will show the force of attraction towards each other as the negative charge wants to binds with the positive charge to get neutral.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the electrostatic force between the proton and electron separated by a distance of 1fm?

We have, d=1fm=10^-15m

The charge of proton q₁=1.6*10^-19

The charge of electron q₁=-1.6*10^-19

Hence, the electrostatic force between the two charge particles is

E=1/ 4πɛ (q₁q₂/r²)

=9*10⁹* 1.6*10^-19 * 1.6 * 10^-19/ (10^-15)²

=230.4 N

The electrostatic force between the electron and proton is 230.4N.

How electrostatic force is different from gravitational force?

The electrostatic force is given as F=K.q₁q₂/r² whereK=9*10⁹Nm²/C² and the gravitational force is given by the relation F_G=G m₁m₂/r² where G=6.67*10^-11 Nm²Kg².

The force between the two charges is called the electrostatic force which can b attractive or repulsive, whereas the force of gravity between the two objects having masses is called the gravitational force and is always attractive force.

How does the electric field depend upon the electrostatic force?

Even a single charged particle can generate its own electric field range within which it exerts the electrostatic force on the other charged particles.

The electrostatic forces reacting between the particles cause the particles to either repel away from each other or attract, hence the electric field is directly proportional to the electrostatic force.

What does the negative electrostatic force signify?

The negative electrostatic force implies the force of attraction between the two charged particles.

It says that the product of the two charged particles is negative, that is one of the charges is positive and another one is negatively charged.

How many types of electrostatic forces are there?

Depending upon the majority of charge carriers the electrostatic force is classified into an attractive force and a repulsive force.

These forces completely rely upon the charge that the particle carries. The negative charge will show the force of attraction towards the positive charge particle and the force of repulsion towards the negatively charged particle.

Also Read:

Electrostatic Force And Distance: What, When, How And Detailed Facts

January 21, 2024February 14, 2022 by AKSHITA MAPARI

In this article, we are going to discuss about the electrostatic force, and how it is dependent on the distance exhaustively.

A force between the two charged particles is known as the electrostatic force and the strength of the force relies upon the amount of charge held by the particle and the distance separating it from the other charged particle.

Electrostatic Force and Distance Graph

The electrostatic force between the two charges at rest is given by the relation:-

E=1/4 πɛ (q₁q₂/r²)

If the distance between the two charges increases, then the electrostatic force between the like charges will decrease, and that of between unlike charges the electrostatic force will increase on expanding the distance between the two charges.

If the two charges are the like charges then the product of the two charges will be positive and hence the electrostatic force will be positive.

As the distance between the two charges increases, the force will sharply fall initially and then gradually decrease further. Therefore, the above graph shows an exponential curve.

Example: Consider two charges q₁ and q₂ having charges of 1C and 2C respectively. Find out the variation in the electrostatic force between these two charges is the distance between the two changes, and then plot the graph.

Given: q₁ = 1C

q₂ = 2C

At d=1cm

E₁=1/4πɛ q₁q₂/r²

E₁=9*10⁹*{1C*2C/(1)²}

=9*10⁹*2=18*10⁹N

At d=2cm

E₂=1/4πɛ(q₁q₂/r²)

E₂=9*10⁹*(1C*2C/(2)²)

E₂=9*10⁹*frac{2/4}

=9* 10⁹*0.5=4.5*10⁹ N

At d=3cm

E₃= 1/4πɛ(q₁q₂/r²)

=9*10⁹*(2/9)

=2* 10⁹ N

At d=4cm

E₄= 1/4πɛ(q₁q₂/r²)

E₄=9*10⁹*{1C*2C/(4)²}

=9*10⁹*{2/16}

=1.125*10⁹ N

At d=5cm

E₅= 1/4πɛ(q₁q₂/r²)

E₅=9*10⁹*{1C* 2C/(5)²}

=9*10⁹*{2/25}

=0.72*10⁹N

Now, let us plot the graph for the above

We have,

Distance (cm)	Electrostatic Force (× 10⁹ N)
1	18
2	4.5
3	2
4	1.125
5	0.72

**Graph of Electrostatic Force v/s Distance**

Hence, it is clear that the electrostatic force will exponentially decrease with expanding distance if the two charges are like charged particles.

Further, let us see the relationship between the electrostatic force and the distance if the two charges are unlike charges. We are very well known that the two unlike charges shows the forces of attraction towards each other, and hence this force will increase if the distance between them increases and the graph will look like as shown below:-

**Graph of Electrostatic Energy v/s Distance for Unlike Charges**

The product of one negatively charged and one positively charged particle will give a product negative and hence the electrostatic force is negative. As the distance separating the two rises, the force of attraction between the two will increase per square distance.

Let us understand why the graph shows an exponential curve in this case too, by taking a simple example given below.

Example: Consider two charges q₁ and q₂ having charges of -1C and 2C respectively. Find the electrostatic force with the variable distance separating the two charged particles and then plot the graph for the same.

Given: q₁ = -1C

q₂ = 2C

At d=1cm

E₅= 1/4πɛ(q₁q₂/r²)

E₅=9*10⁹*{-1C*2C/(1)²}

=9*10⁹ * (-2)=-18*10⁹N

At d=2cm

E₂= 1/4πɛ(q₁q₂/r²)

E₂=9*10⁹*{-1C*2C/(2)²}

E₂=9* 10⁹*{-2/4}

=9*10⁹(-0.5)=-4.5*10⁹N

At d=3cm

E₃= 1/4πɛ(q₁q₂/r²)

E₃=9*10⁹*{-1C*2C/(3)²}

=9*10⁹*{-2/9}

=-2*10⁹ N

At d=4cm

E₄= 1/4πɛ(q₁q₂/r²)

E₄=9* 10⁹*{-1C*2C/(4)²}

=9*10⁹*{-2/16}

=-1.125*10⁹N

At d=5cm

E₅= 1/4πɛ(q₁q₂/r²)

E₅=9*10⁹*{-1C*2C/(5)²}

=9*10⁹*{-2/25}

=-0.72*10⁹N

Now, let us plot the graph for the above

We have,

Distance (cm)	Electrostatic Force (× 10⁹ N)
1	-18
2	-4.5
3	-2
4	-1.125
5	-0.72

Hence, it is clear from the graph that as the distance between the two unlike charges increases, the electrostatic force increases along with the distance.

The electrostatic force is related to a distance by the relation E= 1/4πɛ(q₁q₂/r²)

The force of attraction between the two will increase if we separate the two charges apart and the force of repulsion will rise if the charges are placed near each other.

The electrostatic force primarily depends upon the charge of the particles depending upon which the force of attraction or repulsion comes into the picture. It completely relies upon the charge of the particle and the distance.

Problem: Three charged particles are separated by a distance having different charges as shown in the below figure. Calculate the electrostatic force on charge Q₁.

**Fig. Electrostatic Force between Three Charged Particles**

The electrostatic force between charge Q₁ and Q₂ is

E₁=1/4πɛ₀(q₁q₂/r²)

=9*10⁹*{1C*3C/(2)²}

=9*10⁹*{3/4}

=6.75*10⁹N

The electrostatic force between charge Q₁ and Q₃ is

E₂=1/4πɛ₀(q₁q₂/r²)

=9*10⁹*{1C*(-2)/(3)²}

=9*10⁹* {(-2)/9}

=-2*10⁹N

Hence the net force acting on the point

F=E₁+ E₂

=(6.75-2)*10⁹

=4.75*10⁹N

The net force on the point charge Q₁ is 4.75 × 10⁹ N.

Does Electrostatic Force Increase with Distance?

The electrostatic force increases with the distance if the two electric charges kept are unlike charges.

As the electrostatic force is inversely related to the distance separating the two electric charges, the force of attraction will increase when this distance will lengthen to a greater and greater extent.

This is not the case between the repulsive charges. If the distance increases separating the two electric charges, this force of repulsion between the two charges will decrease. So, in the case of like charges, the electrostatic force will decrease as the gap between the two electric charges will reduce.

How does Distance Increase Force?

The force is increased if the distance between the like charges is reduced and between unlike charges is extended.

The force of attraction between the two unlike charges increases if the distance separating the two charges increases, and the repulsive electrostatic force will be more when the two like charges will be very close to each other, that is if the distance between the two charges will be minimum.

How does Electrostatic Force Work?

A force of attraction or repulsion between the two charges is called the electrostatic force.

The electrostatic force directly relies upon the charge that a particle carries depending upon the number of protons and electrons constituted by the particle.

Depending upon a charge there is a force of attraction or repulsion between the two charges separated by some distance. The unlike charges show the electrostatic force of attraction as the electron carriers in the particle attract towards the particle that has maximum carriers of the protons which are positively charged because the electrons can fill the vacant spaces in the positively charged particle.

Well, the like charges will apply a force on each other to push away contrarily. This is because two positively charged particles will have the maximum number of protons and hence will move away if there is no availability of electrons. The same is the case when two charges are negatively charged and they have more number of electrons, the particle will no longer take more number of electrons hence does not show attraction towards each other.

Read more on Electrostatics.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the electrostatic potential?

The potential of the electric charges to do the work or to get the work done defines the electric potential of that charge.

The electrostatic potential is the energy required to bring a charged particle from an infinite position to a finite distance by the application of the electrostatic force between the point charge and that particle at an infinite distance.

How electric potential is different from electric force?

The electric potential is the energy of one particle whereas the electric force is a force imposed due to two or more charged particles.

The energy required for a charged particle to do the work is called the electric potential, and on contrary, the force acquired between the two charged particles is the electric force.

What is electrostatics?

The term electrostatics deal with the electric charge carriers, and their characteristics.

There is always a force of attraction and repulsion depending upon the number of charge carriers in the particle which is known as electrostatic force.

Also Read:

15 Electrostatic Force Examples: Detailed Explanations

January 21, 2024February 13, 2022 by Keerthi Murthi

Introduction to Electrostatic Force

Electrostatic force is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the interaction between charged objects. It plays a crucial role in understanding various phenomena related to static electricity. In this section, we will explore the definition and explanation of electrostatic force, the calculation involved, factors affecting it, and the intriguing concepts of attraction and repulsion.

Definition and Explanation of Electrostatic Force

Electrostatic force, also known as the Coulomb force, is the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged objects. It arises from the interaction between electric charges, which can be positive or negative. Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract.

To understand electrostatic force, we need to delve into the concept of electric charge. Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter, and it can exist in two forms: positive and negative. Objects become charged when they gain or lose electrons. The unit of charge is the coulomb (C).

The strength of the electrostatic force between two charged objects depends on the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them. The force follows Coulomb’s law, which states that the force is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Calculation of Electrostatic Force

Calculating the electrostatic force between two charged objects involves applying Coulomb’s law. The formula for calculating the electrostatic force (F) is:

F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2

Where:
– F is the electrostatic force
– k is the electrostatic constant (k = 9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2)
– q1 and q2 are the magnitudes of the charges on the two objects
– r is the distance between the centers of the two objects

By plugging in the values for the charges and the distance, we can determine the strength and direction of the electrostatic force.

Factors Affecting Electrostatic Force

Several factors influence the strength of the electrostatic force between charged objects. These factors include:

Magnitude of the charges: The greater the magnitude of the charges, the stronger the electrostatic force.
Distance between the objects: As the distance between the charged objects increases, the electrostatic force decreases. The force follows an inverse square relationship with distance.
Medium between the objects: The presence of a medium between the charged objects can affect the electrostatic force. Different materials have different dielectric constants, which can modify the strength of the force.

Attraction and Repulsion

One of the fascinating aspects of electrostatic force is the phenomenon of attraction and repulsion. When two objects have opposite charges, they experience an attractive force. For example, a positively charged object will attract a negatively charged object.

On the other hand, when two objects have the same charge, they experience a repulsive force. For instance, two positively charged objects will repel each other.

This interplay between attraction and repulsion is responsible for many everyday phenomena, such as the way clothes stick together after being in a dryer or the way a balloon sticks to a wall after being rubbed against hair.

Electrostatic Force Examples

Rubbing the rod with silk clothes

One of the classic examples of electrostatic force can be observed when rubbing a rod with silk clothes. When a rod, such as a glass rod or a plastic rod, is rubbed against a silk cloth, it acquires an electric charge. This happens because the rubbing action transfers electrons from the silk cloth to the rod, causing the rod to become negatively charged while the silk cloth becomes positively charged.

This phenomenon is a result of the transfer of electric charges between two objects. The rod and the silk cloth initially have an equal number of positive and negative charges. However, when they come into contact and are rubbed together, the electrons from the silk cloth are transferred to the rod, causing an imbalance of charges. This creates an attractive force between the negatively charged rod and the positively charged silk cloth.

Television screen

Another example of electrostatic force can be observed when dealing with television screens. Modern televisions, such as LCD or LED screens, are prone to accumulating static charges. This can occur when dust particles or other small objects come into contact with the screen‘s surface.

The accumulation of static charges on the television screen can lead to an annoying phenomenon known as “dust attraction.” The static charges on the screen attract dust particles, causing them to stick to the surface. This can result in a blurry or distorted image, affecting the overall viewing experience.

To prevent this, it is recommended to regularly clean the television screen using a microfiber cloth or an anti-static cleaner. These cleaning methods help to neutralize the static charges and prevent dust particles from sticking to the screen.

Nylon clothes

Nylon clothes can also exhibit electrostatic forces. When wearing nylon clothing, especially in dry conditions, the friction between the fabric and the body can generate static electricity. This can cause the clothes to cling to the body or create a crackling sound when removing them.

The electrostatic forces in nylon clothes occur due to the triboelectric effect, which is the transfer of electric charges between two materials that come into contact and then separate. In the case of nylon clothes, the friction between the fabric and the body causes the transfer of electrons, resulting in an imbalance of charges.

To reduce the effects of static electricity in nylon clothes, one can use anti-static sprays or fabric softeners. These products help to neutralize the charges and prevent the clothes from clinging or generating static shocks.

Photographs sticking to the wrapper

VhoWQaJornY9J6lM4U1utnTQnZE26nwe4DEH31RaxW221jKDFkc2c0gyiPN6ttoY 9qiD2 caZS13uppn3vgwnFeP9ak9kU6GXBiHRUXrQXcAB5QTIo9CWEDEcud8Q83Zt3LuWGBY1ZM2bRcqA O VA

Have you ever noticed how photographs sometimes stick to plastic wrappers or sleeves? This phenomenon can be attributed to electrostatic forces. When photographs are printed, they often acquire a slight electric charge. This charge can cause the photographs to attract and stick to plastic surfaces.

The electrostatic forces at play in this example are similar to those observed when rubbing a rod with silk clothes. The photographs and the plastic wrapper have different charges, resulting in an attractive force between them.

To prevent photographs from sticking to plastic wrappers, one can use anti-static sprays or keep the photographs in acid-free sleeves or albums. These measures help to reduce the accumulation of static charges and minimize the chances of the photographs sticking to the plastic surfaces.

Winter wear

swcp8iJPbSWuMRj2Zits60wzNCh8bw2Zhj2wNJK5Ij2gYof3aTDxjNlcji21IuXjwkk ftjbHY v 5OYaPapyZHxoTVzAu0Bk8ohAJvopq5NgN8bf3CyDQaJ CDL59sow 9lHclNRZET385otwrs4Ts

During the winter season, electrostatic forces can become more noticeable, especially when wearing certain types of clothing. Fabrics such as wool, polyester, and synthetic blends tend to generate static electricity due to friction.

When wearing winter wear made from these materials, such as sweaters or jackets, the friction between the fabric and the body can lead to the buildup of static charges. This can result in clothes clinging to the body or causing small electric shocks when touched.

To mitigate the effects of static electricity in winter wear, there are a few simple tricks that can be employed. One option is to use fabric softeners or dryer sheets when laundering the clothes. These products help to reduce static charges and make the fabric less prone to generating static electricity. Another option is to wear a cotton or natural fiber layer underneath the winter wear, as these materials are less likely to generate static charges.

Comb and pieces of paper

The interaction between a comb and pieces of paper is another example of electrostatic forces at work. When a comb is run through dry hair, it becomes charged with static electricity. This charged comb can then attract small pieces of paper, causing them to stick to the comb.

The electrostatic forces in this example are a result of the transfer of charges between the comb and the hair. As the comb is moved through the hair, electrons are transferred from the hair to the comb, causing the comb to become negatively charged. The positively charged pieces of paper are then attracted to the negatively charged comb.

This phenomenon can be demonstrated by running a comb through dry hair and then bringing it close to small pieces of paper. The paper will be attracted to the comb and stick to it, showcasing the effects of electrostatic forces.

Balloons rubbed with hair

Rubbing a balloon against hair and observing the resulting attraction to objects is a classic example of electrostatic forces. When a balloon is rubbed against hair, it acquires a negative charge. This negative charge causes the balloon to be attracted to positively charged objects or surfaces.

The electrostatic forces in this example are similar to those observed when rubbing a rod with silk clothes. The rubbing action transfers electrons from the hair to the balloon, resulting in an imbalance of charges. This creates an attractive force between the negatively charged balloon and the positively charged objects.

This experiment can be easily conducted by rubbing a balloon against hair and then bringing it close to small pieces of paper or a wall. The balloon will be attracted to the objects or stick to the wall, demonstrating the effects of electrostatic forces.

Doorknob

The interaction between a person and a doorknob can also demonstrate the effects of electrostatic forces. When walking on certain types of flooring, such as carpets, friction between the shoes and the floor can generate static electricity. This static charge can then be transferred to the person‘s body.

When the person reaches for a doorknob, the electrostatic forces come into play. The doorknob, being grounded, provides a path for the static charge to discharge. This discharge can sometimes result in a small electric shock, which is the release of the accumulated static charge.

To minimize the chances of experiencing an electric shock when touching a doorknob, one can take a few precautions. Wearing shoes with anti-static soles or using anti-static sprays on carpets can help to reduce the buildup of static charges. Additionally, touching a metal object, such as a key or a coin, before touching the doorknob can provide a discharge path and prevent the shock.

Kid’s hair after sliding over the plastic bouncer house

Have you ever noticed that after sliding down a plastic bouncer house, your kid‘s hair seems to stand on end? This peculiar phenomenon is a result of the interaction between their hair and the plastic surface, which is caused by the fascinating force known as electrostatic force.

J. Rubbing shoes over carpet

To understand why your kid‘s hair becomes electrified after sliding over the plastic bouncer house, let’s explore an example that you might be familiar with: rubbing your shoes over a carpet. When you walk on a carpet, your shoes and the carpet rub against each other, causing the transfer of electric charges.

The friction between the shoes and the carpet leads to the accumulation of electrons on the shoes‘ surface. Electrons are negatively charged particles, and when they build up on an object, that object becomes negatively charged. On the other hand, the carpet loses some of its electrons and becomes positively charged.

Now, when your kid slides down the plastic bouncer house, their hair rubs against the plastic surface. This rubbing action causes a similar transfer of electric charges. The plastic surface becomes negatively charged, while the hair becomes positively charged.

The effects of electrostatic force

The accumulation of opposite charges on the plastic surface and the hair leads to the manifestation of the electrostatic force. This force is responsible for the hair standing on end, as the positively charged hair strands repel each other due to their like charges. This repulsion causes the hair to separate, creating the characteristic “static hair” look.

It’s important to note that the electrostatic force is not limited to hair and plastic surfaces. It is a fundamental force of nature that governs the behavior of charged objects. The electrostatic force is responsible for the attraction and repulsion between charged objects, and it plays a significant role in the study of static electricity.

Exploring the world of electrostatics

Electrostatics, the branch of physics that deals with static electricity, offers a wide range of fascinating examples and applications. Let’s take a quick look at some of them:

Electric charge: The fundamental property of matter that gives rise to the electrostatic force.
Coulomb’s law: The mathematical relationship that describes the force between two charged objects.
Conductors and insulators: Materials that either allow or prevent the flow of electric charges.
Electric field: A region of space around a charged object where the electrostatic force can be felt.
Electric potential: The amount of work needed to move a unit positive charge from one point to another in an electric field.
Electric discharge: The sudden flow of electric charges between two objects with different potentials, often resulting in a spark or a bolt of lightning.
Van de Graaff generator: A device that uses electrostatics to generate high voltages.
Electrophotography: A printing technology that utilizes electrostatic forces to transfer toner onto paper.
Electrostatic precipitator: A device used to remove particulate matter from industrial exhaust gases using electrostatic forces.
Electrostatic painting: A method of applying paint to objects using electrostatic attraction.
Electrostatic motor: A type of motor that uses the electrostatic force to generate motion.
Electrostatic levitation: A technique that uses electrostatic forces to suspend objects in mid-air.

These examples demonstrate the wide-ranging impact of electrostatics in various fields, from everyday life to advanced technologies.

Electrostatic Force and Potential Energy

When it comes to understanding the behavior of charged objects, the concept of electrostatic force plays a crucial role. This force, which arises from the interaction between electric charges, can result in fascinating phenomena and has numerous practical applications. In this section, we will explore some examples of electrostatic force and its connection to potential energy.

Attraction and Repulsion

One of the most fundamental aspects of electrostatic force is its ability to cause attraction or repulsion between charged objects. Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract. This behavior can be explained by Coulomb’s law, which states that the magnitude of the electrostatic force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

For instance, imagine two positively charged objects placed near each other. As per Coulomb’s law, the electrostatic force between them will be repulsive, causing the objects to push away from each other. On the other hand, if one object is positively charged and the other is negatively charged, they will experience an attractive force, pulling them closer together.

Static Electricity

Static electricity is another fascinating example of electrostatic force in action. It occurs when there is an imbalance of electric charges on the surface of an object. This can happen through various means, such as friction, induction, or contact with another charged object.

When two objects come into contact, electrons can transfer from one object to another, leading to a buildup of charge. For instance, when you rub a balloon against your hair, electrons are transferred from your hair to the balloon, resulting in the balloon becoming negatively charged. This charge imbalance creates an electrostatic force, causing the balloon to stick to surfaces or even make your hair stand on end.

Electric Potential Energy

The concept of potential energy is closely related to electrostatic force. In the context of electrostatics, potential energy refers to the energy stored in a system due to the arrangement of charged objects. It is a measure of the work that can be done by the electrostatic force when the objects are allowed to move.

The formula for electric potential energy is given by:

[PE = \frac{k \cdot q_1 \cdot q_2}{r}]

where (PE) is the electric potential energy, (k) is Coulomb’s constant, (q_1) and (q_2) are the charges of the objects, and (r) is the distance between them.

This formula tells us that the potential energy increases as the charges of the objects increase and decreases as the distance between them increases. When the objects are far apart, the potential energy is low, indicating a stable configuration. However, as the objects move closer together, the potential energy increases, signifying a less stable arrangement.

Understanding the concept of electric potential energy is crucial in various practical applications. For example, it is essential in designing electrical circuits, where the potential energy of charged particles is harnessed to perform useful work.

Comparison with Gravitational and Electric Forces

When discussing electrostatic force examples, it is important to compare them with other fundamental forces, such as gravitational and electric forces. While all three forces play significant roles in our everyday lives, they differ in their nature and effects. Let’s explore the key differences between these forces.

Gravitational Force

Gravitational force is the force of attraction between two objects with mass. It is responsible for keeping our feet on the ground and the planets in their orbits around the sun. Unlike the electrostatic force, which involves charged objects, gravitational force acts on all objects, regardless of their charge.

The strength of the gravitational force depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them. According to Newton’s law of universal gravitation, the force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Here are a few examples of the gravitational force in action:

The moon orbiting around the Earth.
A ball falling towards the ground when dropped.
The tides caused by the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun on the Earth‘s oceans.

Electric Force

Electric force, on the other hand, is the force of attraction or repulsion between charged objects. It arises from the presence of electric charge, which can be positive or negative. Like gravitational force, electric force acts over a distance.

The strength of the electric force is determined by the magnitude of the charges and the distance between them. Coulomb’s law describes the relationship between the electric force, the charges, and the distance. It states that the force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Here are some examples of the electric force in action:

The attraction between a positively charged object and a negatively charged object.
The repulsion between two objects with the same charge.
The phenomenon of static electricity, where objects become charged through friction.

Comparison

While both gravitational and electric forces involve the interaction between objects, there are several key differences between them.

Gravitational Force	Electric Force
Acts on all objects, regardless of charge	Acts only on charged objects
Depends on mass and distance	Depends on charge and distance
Always attractive	Can be attractive or repulsive
Weaker compared to electric force	Can be stronger or weaker depending on the charges involved
Plays a significant role in celestial mechanics	Plays a significant role in the behavior of charged particles

By comparing the gravitational and electric forces, we can gain a deeper understanding of the unique characteristics and effects of the electrostatic force. This knowledge is crucial in various fields, including physics, engineering, and everyday life.

Applications and Examples of Electrostatic Force

Electrostatic force is a fascinating phenomenon that has numerous practical applications in our daily lives. From sticking a balloon to a wall to purifying the air we breathe, electrostatic force plays a crucial role in various fields. Let’s explore some interesting examples of how this force is utilized in different applications.

Rubbing a Balloon Against Your Hair and Sticking it to a Wall

One of the most common and fun examples of electrostatic force is when you rub a balloon against your hair and it magically sticks to a wall. This happens because when you rub the balloon, it becomes negatively charged due to the transfer of electrons from your hair. The negatively charged balloon then attracts the positively charged wall, creating an electrostatic force that holds the balloon in place.

Electrostatic Precipitator for Dust Removal

In industries and power plants, dust and pollutants are major concerns. To address this issue, electrostatic precipitators are used. These devices use the principle of electrostatic force to remove dust particles from the air. The polluted air is passed through a series of charged plates, where the dust particles become charged. The charged particles are then attracted to oppositely charged plates, effectively removing them from the air.

Electrophotography or Laser Printing

Ever wondered how laser printers work? Well, electrostatic force plays a crucial role in this technology. In electrophotography, commonly known as laser printing, a photosensitive drum is charged with static electricity. The drum is then exposed to a laser beam, which selectively removes the charge from certain areas, creating an electrostatic image. This image is then transferred to paper using toner particles, which are attracted to the charged areas and fused onto the paper.

Ionizing Air Filters for Air Purification

Air pollution is a growing concern, and electrostatic force is utilized in ionizing air filters to purify the air we breathe. These filters generate ions that attach to airborne particles, such as dust, pollen, and smoke. The charged particles are then attracted to oppositely charged plates or surfaces, effectively removing them from the air. This technology is particularly useful for individuals with allergies or respiratory conditions.

Electrostatic Force in Copy Machines

Copy machines, also known as photocopiers, rely on electrostatic force to create copies of documents. The process involves exposing the original document to light, which creates an electrostatic image on a charged drum. The charged drum attracts toner particles, which are then transferred onto paper and fused to create a copy of the original document. This electrostatic force-based technology revolutionized the way we duplicate documents.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is electrostatic force?

Electrostatic force is a fundamental force of nature that arises from the interaction between electrically charged particles or objects. It is a force that can be either attractive or repulsive, depending on the charges involved. This force is responsible for many everyday phenomena, such as static electricity, where objects become charged due to the transfer of electrons.

What is the law that governs electrostatic force?

The law that governs electrostatic force is known as Coulomb’s law. This law states that the electrostatic force between two charged particles or objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. In simple terms, the force increases as the charges increase and decreases as the distance between the charges increases.

Who discovered Coulomb’s law?

Coulomb’s law was discovered by Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, a French physicist, in the late 18th century. Through his experiments, Coulomb was able to establish the mathematical relationship between the electrostatic force, the charges of the objects, and the distance between them. His discoveries laid the foundation for the study of electrostatics and paved the way for further advancements in the field of electromagnetism.

How is the electrostatic force between two charged particles or objects calculated?

The electrostatic force between two charged particles or objects can be calculated using Coulomb’s law. The formula for calculating the electrostatic force is:

F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2

Where:
– F represents the electrostatic force between the two objects.
– k is the electrostatic constant, which has a value of approximately 9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2.
– q1 and q2 are the charges of the two objects.
– r is the distance between the centers of the two objects.

By plugging in the values of the charges and the distance into this formula, one can determine the magnitude and direction of the electrostatic force between the charged objects.

What are charged objects?

Charged objects are objects that have an excess or deficit of electrons, resulting in an imbalance of electric charge. These objects can be either positively charged (having a deficit of electrons) or negatively charged (having an excess of electrons). When two charged objects come into proximity, they can exert electrostatic forces on each other, either attracting or repelling one another based on their charges.

What is the relationship between the electrostatic force and the distance between charged objects?

The relationship between the electrostatic force and the distance between charged objects is inversely proportional. According to Coulomb’s law, as the distance between charged objects increases, the electrostatic force decreases. This means that the force of attraction or repulsion between charged objects weakens as they move farther apart. Conversely, when the distance between charged objects decreases, the electrostatic force becomes stronger.

Can electrostatic force be both attractive and repulsive?

Yes, electrostatic force can be both attractive and repulsive, depending on the charges of the objects involved. Objects with opposite charges, such as a positively charged object and a negatively charged object, will experience an attractive electrostatic force. On the other hand, objects with the same charge, such as two positively charged objects or two negatively charged objects, will experience a repulsive electrostatic force. This behavior is a fundamental characteristic of electrostatic interactions and is governed by Coulomb’s law.

What causes electrostatic force?

Electrostatic force is a fundamental force of nature that plays a significant role in our everyday lives. It is the force that exists between charged particles, and it is responsible for many fascinating phenomena, such as static electricity, lightning, and even the operation of certain devices like Van de Graaff generators. But what exactly causes this force to occur?

The property of charged particles

The creation of electrostatic force is rooted in the property of charged particles. Charged particles, such as electrons and protons, possess an electric charge. This charge can be positive or negative, with opposite charges attracting each other and like charges repelling each other.

When two charged objects are brought close together, the electric charges interact with each other, resulting in the creation of an electrostatic force. This force is governed by Coulomb’s law, which states that the magnitude of the electrostatic force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

The role of electric fields

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To understand the concept of electrostatic force further, it is essential to consider the role of electric fields. An electric field is a region in which an electric charge experiences a force. It is created by charged objects and can extend throughout space.

When a charged object is placed in an electric field, it experiences a force due to the interaction between its charge and the electric field. This force is the electrostatic force. The strength and direction of the force depend on the magnitude and sign of the charge and the properties of the electric field.

Examples of electrostatic force

Electrostatic force manifests itself in various examples that we encounter in our daily lives. Let’s explore a few of these examples:

Attraction and repulsion: When two charged objects have opposite charges, they experience an attractive electrostatic force. For example, a negatively charged balloon can be attracted to a positively charged wall. On the other hand, when two charged objects have the same charge, they experience a repulsive electrostatic force. This repulsion can be observed when trying to bring two negatively charged balloons close together.
Static electricity: Static electricity is a common example of electrostatic force. It occurs when there is an imbalance of electric charges on the surface of an object. For instance, rubbing a balloon against your hair can transfer electrons, resulting in a buildup of static electricity. This buildup can cause the balloon to stick to your hair due to the electrostatic force of attraction.
Lightning: Lightning is a powerful natural phenomenon that involves the discharge of electrostatic energy. It occurs when there is a buildup of charge in the atmosphere, typically between clouds and the ground or between different regions within a cloud. The discharge of this accumulated charge results in a spectacular display of electrostatic force in the form of lightning bolts.
Van de Graaff generator: A Van de Graaff generator is a device that uses electrostatic force to generate high voltages. It operates by transferring electric charge from a moving belt to a metal dome. The buildup of charge on the dome creates a strong electrostatic force, which can be used for various purposes, such as scientific experiments and demonstrations.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is electrostatic force in chemistry?

A: Electrostatic force in chemistry refers to the attractive or repulsive force between charged objects due to their electric charges. It is a fundamental force that plays a crucial role in various chemical reactions and interactions.

Q: Can you explain electrostatic force with an example?

A: Certainly! An example of electrostatic force is the attraction between a positively charged balloon and a negatively charged wall. The opposite charges on the balloon and wall cause them to be attracted to each other.

Q: What are some examples of electrostatic forces in our daily life?

A: Electrostatic forces can be observed in various everyday situations. Some examples include the attraction between a comb and hair, the repulsion between two like-charged magnets, or the attraction between clothes in a dryer due to static electricity.

Q: How is electrostatic force used in everyday life?

A: Electrostatic force finds applications in numerous everyday activities. It is used in electrostatic painting, where charged paint particles are attracted to a grounded object. Electrostatic precipitators use this force to remove pollutants from industrial exhaust gases. Additionally, electrostatic forces are utilized in electrophotography, which is the technology behind laser printers and photocopiers.

Q: What is Coulomb’s law?

A: Coulomb’s law describes the mathematical relationship between the electrostatic force, the charges of the objects, and the distance between them. It states that the force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Q: Why do electrostatic forces have “static” in their name?

A: Electrostatic forces are called “static” because they are typically observed when charges are not in motion. Unlike dynamic electric currents, electrostatic forces involve stationary or slowly moving charges.

Q: When is electrostatic force maximum?

A: Electrostatic force is maximum when the charges on the objects are large and the distance between them is small. As per Coulomb’s law, increasing the magnitude of the charges or decreasing the distance between them will result in a stronger electrostatic force.

Q: What are some examples of electrostatic force in real life?

A: Electrostatic forces can be observed in various real-life scenarios. Some examples include the attraction between a charged balloon and a wall, the repulsion between two like-charged particles, or the attraction between a charged comb and hair.

Q: How does static electricity force work? Can you provide an example?

A: Static electricity force is a result of an imbalance of electric charges on the surface of objects. For example, when you rub a balloon against your hair, electrons are transferred, leaving the balloon negatively charged. The negatively charged balloon then attracts positively charged hair, resulting in a static electricity force.

Q: Why is electrostatic force stronger than gravitational force?

A: Electrostatic force is stronger than gravitational force because the magnitude of electric charges is much larger than the masses of objects. Additionally, the electrostatic force follows the inverse square law, while gravitational force follows the inverse square of the distance law. As a result, electrostatic forces can be significantly stronger than gravitational forces between charged objects.

Also Read:

Is Support Force A Contact Force: Why, How And Several Facts

January 20, 2024February 11, 2022 by AKSHITA MAPARI

In this article, we are going to discuss whether is support force a contact force or not and what are the various facts behind it.

The word itself explains that it is an additional force used to sustain the force that is imposed on the body. This supporting force helps the object to withstand the forces that are imposed on it balancing the object to the rest.

How is Support Force a Contact Force?

A force is said to be a contact force when it is imposed on the object by being in its contact without which the force is not imploding on the object.

A support force is definitely a contact force because without coming in contact with the object to which the support has to be given, this force can’t be imposed on the object.

Consider a vehicle park on the hill as shown in the below figure. The stones are kept infront of the tires to prevent the car from slipping down the hill.

is support force a contact force — **A stone applying Support Force**

As the weight of a car due to gravity is acting in a slightly backward direction of the car, and also the force due to air resistance is imposing on the car that may lead to the downward acceleration of the car from the hill top. That is why a support force is applied by placing a stone near the tires of the car to prevent the tires from accelerating.

A support force acting on the tire by the stone relates to Newton’s Third Law of Motion, which states,

“Every action has equal and opposite reaction”

If it doesn’t follow the law then a car will accelerate down the hill. This means that the support force on the tires has to be less or equal and opposite to the force acting on the car due to air drag. This force comes into action only when the stone is in contact with the tires of the car.

The force due to air resistance is normally very less exerting on the car. In case the speed of the wind rises due to some climatic conditions and is greater than the support force that the stone might exert on the car, then the car might accelerate down along with the stone.

What is Essential for any Object to give a Support Force?

An object is able to provide a support force to the other object depending on the shape, size, and mass.

Not only the mass, but even the compressive strength, its rigidity, and the tension it can sustain help to provide greater supportive force to the object to resist the motion.

paintings gcf8b089a5 640 — **Support Force by Tripod;**
**Image Credit: Pixabay**

Just imagine a feather; it is so light and delicate that the air resistance can easily drag it from place to place and float in the air. Do you think that it is able to impose supportive force on any object? Why do you think that the feathers will not be a suitable thing to levy a supportive force?

Yes, indeed it is very light in mass, and the force due to gravity is also very finite. Plus, it doesn’t have resistivity to even resist the wind and is easily carried away by the breeze. Therefore, it is obvious that it will not provide any supportive force to any.

Examples of Support Force

Some examples of support forces are a strong foundation for buildings to support the force incident from the concrete of the building slab, stone placed at the tires of the car when parked on hills to resist the accidental downward motion of the car, latches of the window to support window panels to resist the wind speed, poles of the bridges, handles on the drawers, latches of a door, clothes hanging on rope support force comes from the poles to which the rope is tied, hanger on metallic rod, preventing a person from falling, etc.

Does Support Force Act as Resistive Force?

The force required by the object to maintain its position to the rest irrespective of different forces acting on it is called a support force.

Support force does act as a resistive force by resisting the forces acting on the object and helping the objects to withstand those forces.

The support force resists the movement of the object by exerting a force on the body that binds the object to the rest unless some higher force is imposed on the object against the support force and puts the object into acceleration.

Frequently Asked Questions

How do the window latches impose support force on the windows?

If the window does have hooks or latches, then on the heavy blow of breeze, the windows might bang on grills and get damaged.

Hence, latches help to prevent this by providing a supportive force for the windows by resisting the force imposing on the windows due to heavy blow of breeze.

How does the support force is measured?

The support force is measured in terms of Newton and is equal to the force imposing on the object.

The support force imposed on the object is equal to the amount of force the supporting object is resisting that is being imposed on the object.

Also Read:

Is Push A Contact Force: Why, How And Several Facts

January 20, 2024February 11, 2022 by AKSHITA MAPARI

In this article, we are going to discuss about a push force, is push a contact force or not, and the reason behind it in detailed facts.

The object push from its position of rest is called push force and is imposed only by coming in physical contact with that object; therefore it is a contact force.

How is Push a Contact Force?

Contact forces are those where the force can be applied only on coming in contact with the object on which the force has to be imposed.

To push any object one needs to apply force on it to make it displace, hence to push it is necessary to come in contact with that object which is to be pushed. Hence, a push is definitely a contact force.

Without coming in physical contact we aren’t able to push any objects, isn’t it? There must be a force imposing on the object for it to move from the place, whether you apply it using your own hands or utilizing some other object, physical touch has to be there for the object to impel it from the rest position. It is just opposite to the force required for pulling the object.

What are the different forces that come into reactions on the application of push force?

The force due to gravity and the normal force acting opposite to the weight of the object is an evidential force acting on the object on Earth.

Depending upon the coefficient of friction of the surface the friction force is acting on the surface of the object on displacement due to pushing that resists the motion of the object. Along with it, there is a force due to air drag that is acting on the object.

Does Pushing Lead to Compression?

A force is said to be a compressive force if the equal forces are inflicting on the object from two opposite directions as action-reaction forces.

Indeed, the pushing may result in compression of the object if the push force is applied to the object from the opposite directions.

Consider a man pushing an object from one side, and another man is also putting equal force from the opposite side as shown in the below figure.

is push a contact force — **Compression due to Pushing**

Due to the equal and opposite force acting on the object, this is exerting the compression force on the object. From both sides, the push force is imposed on the object, but that results in compressive force.

How to Calculate Push Force?

Push force is equal to the force levied upon the object and is measured in Newton.

Basically, the force imposed on the object is the net force applied on the object while pushing and the force reacting on the base of the object due to frictional force.

Lets us find how to measure a push force by solving some examples below:-

A force is applied on a block of mass 105kg to displace it at a distance ‘x’. The coefficient of friction of the surface is 0.25 and the acceleration of the block is 0.05m/s². Calculate the total force and the push force applied on the block.

Given: a=0.05m/s²

m=105kg

mu =0.25

The total force on the block is

F=ma+f_mu

F=ma+u N

Since the friction is acting on the object is

f_mu =mu mg

F=ma+mu mg

=m(a+mu g)

Substituting the value in the equation,

F=105kg*0.05+0.25* 9.8

=105kg*(0.05+2.45)

=105kg* 2.50

=262.5N

The total force acting on the object is 262.5N.

The force due to push is equal to

F=ma

=105kg*0.05

=5.25

Hence, the force of only 5.25 Newton is imposed on the object due to pushing.

A woman in a shopping mall is pushing a shopping trolley of weight 2.3 kg. The acceleration of the trolley on the application of the push force is 0.5m/s². Calculate the push force applied on the trolley.

Given: m=2.3kg

a=0.5m/s²

The push force imposed on the shopping trolley is

F=ma

=2.3*0.5

=1.15N

A woman is applying the push force of 1.15N from her hand to push the trolley.

Does Pushing Results in Contraction?

Contraction is relevant to the shrinking or tightening of the object and relies upon the compression strength of the object.

If the push force is applied on the object across the rigid object whose compressive stress the very high then the object which is been push then the object will show contraction.

We can relate this to the geotectonic plates. Two plates converging shows contraction of plates along the line converging two plates. On further application of push force, and contracting, the small hills and mountains are developed.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a pull force?

A pull force is exactly the opposite of a push force.

The force applied on the object while pulling the object with the help of string or any equipment that creates a tension creates a pull force.

What are some examples of push force?

There are various examples of push forces in our day-to-day life.

Some examples of push forces are a person pushing another man, pushing a load, pushing a shopping trolley, pushing a car, pushing a table, etc.

On what factor does the push force depends?

The push force is levied upon the object to displace it from one place to another.

The force applied to do so relies upon the mass, shape, and size of the object. The circular objects can be displaced easily compared to other shaped objects.

Also Read:

How To Find Normal Force On A Horizontal Surface: Several Approaches and Problem Examples

January 21, 2024January 31, 2022 by Rabiya Khalid

When studying the physics of objects on a horizontal surface, it’s important to understand the concept of normal force. The normal force is the force exerted by a surface to support an object resting on it. In this blog post, we will delve into the topic of finding the normal force on a horizontal surface in detail. We will explore the effects of gravity, mass, and surface type on normal force, learn how to calculate it using the relevant formula, and work through examples to solidify our understanding.

III. The Physics of Normal Force on a Horizontal Surface

A. The Effect of Gravity on Normal Force

Gravity plays a significant role in determining the normal force acting on an object on a horizontal surface. The force of gravity, also known as the weight, pulls an object downward. On a horizontal surface, the normal force acts in the opposite direction, perpendicular to the surface. The magnitude of the normal force is equal to the weight of the object. This means that the normal force is directly proportional to the mass of the object.

B. The Impact of Mass on Normal Force

As mentioned earlier, the mass of an object affects the normal force. To understand this relationship, let’s consider an example. Imagine you have two objects with different masses placed on a table. The weight, and consequently, the normal force, experienced by each object will be different. The heavier object will have a greater normal force acting on it because it has a larger mass. Conversely, the lighter object will experience a smaller normal force due to its smaller mass.

C. The Influence of Surface Type on Normal Force

The type of surface an object rests on also affects the normal force. Different surfaces have different characteristics, such as roughness or smoothness, which influence the amount of friction between the object and the surface. Friction is a force that opposes the motion of an object. When there is friction present, the normal force is determined by the coefficient of friction and the weight of the object. However, on a perfectly smooth horizontal surface with no friction, the normal force will be equal to the weight of the object.

IV. How to Calculate Normal Force on a Horizontal Surface

A. The Formula for Calculating Normal Force

To calculate the normal force on a horizontal surface, we use the following formula:

$N = mg$

Where:
– ( N ) represents the normal force
– ( m ) represents the mass of the object
– ( g ) represents the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s² on Earth)

B. Step-by-Step Guide to Finding Normal Force

Let’s go through a step-by-step guide to calculate the normal force on a horizontal surface:

Determine the mass of the object. This can be measured using a scale or obtained from the problem statement.
Identify the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 9.8 m/s² on Earth.
Multiply the mass of the object by the acceleration due to gravity to find the normal force.

C. Worked Out Examples of Calculating Normal Force

Example 1: Find the normal force acting on an object with a mass of 10 kg.

Solution:
1. Given: ( m = 10 , text{kg} )
2. ( g = 9.8 , text{m/s}^2 )
3. ( N = mg )
( N = 10 , text{kg} times 9.8 , text{m/s}^2 )
( N = 98 , text{N} )

Example 2: A box with a mass of 5 kg is placed on a frictionless horizontal surface. Find the normal force acting on the box.

Solution:
1. Given: ( m = 5 , text{kg} )
2. Since the surface is frictionless, the normal force will be equal to the weight of the box.
3. ( N = mg )
( N = 5 , text{kg} times 9.8 , text{m/s}^2 )
( N = 49 , text{N} )

How does the normal force on a horizontal surface relate to the function of the middle lamella?

The normal force on a horizontal surface refers to the force exerted by an object in contact with the surface perpendicular to it. On the other hand, the middle lamella is a structural component found between adjacent plant cells, aiding in cell adhesion and maintaining tissue integrity. By understanding the relationship between these two concepts, we can explore the impact of cell adhesion and tissue integrity on the normal force experienced by an object on a horizontal surface. To delve deeper into the function of the middle lamella, check out the article on “Discover Middle Lamella Function Explained”.

V. Common Problems and Solutions when Calculating Normal Force

How To Find Normal Force On A Horizontal Surface: Several Approaches and Problem Examples 24

A. Identifying and Overcoming Common Errors

When calculating the normal force, it’s important to keep a few common errors in mind. Some of these errors include:
– Forgetting to multiply the mass by the acceleration due to gravity.
– Confusing the normal force with other forces, such as the gravitational force or the force of friction.
– Using the wrong units for mass or acceleration due to gravity.

To avoid these errors, always double-check your calculations and units. Pay close attention to the formulas and ensure that you are using the correct values for mass and acceleration due to gravity.

B. Tips and Tricks for Accurate Calculations

To ensure accurate calculations of the normal force, consider the following tips:
– Use consistent units throughout the calculation.
– Round your final answer to the appropriate number of significant figures.
– Check your work by using alternative methods or checking against known values.
– Seek clarification if you are unsure about any aspect of the problem or formula.

C. Practice Problems for Calculating Normal Force

To further practice your skills in calculating the normal force, try solving the following problems:

A book with a mass of 2.5 kg is placed on a horizontal surface. Calculate the normal force acting on the book.
An object with a mass of 15 kg is placed on a rough horizontal surface. The coefficient of friction between the object and the surface is 0.4. Calculate the normal force acting on the object.

Solving these practice problems will help reinforce your understanding of finding the normal force on a horizontal surface.

Remember, the normal force is influenced by factors such as mass, gravity, and the type of surface. By understanding the concepts behind normal force and practicing calculations, you will be well-equipped to solve problems related to objects on horizontal surfaces.

That wraps up our exploration of how to find the normal force on a horizontal surface. With a solid grasp of the concepts and calculations involved, you can confidently tackle problems related to normal force in physics. Happy calculating!

Also Read:

How to Find Resultant Force of Two Forces: Problem and Examples

January 21, 2024January 20, 2022 by Keerthana Srikumar

When dealing with forces in physics, it is often necessary to find the resultant force of two or more forces acting on an object. The resultant force is the single force that can replace multiple forces and have the same effect on the object. In this blog post, we will explore how to find the resultant force of two forces, as well as how to calculate the resultant force of multiple forces using mathematical equations and principles.

III. The Mathematical Approach to Finding Resultant Force

how to find resultant force of two forces — Image by Cleontuni – Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Commons, Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.

A. The Resultant Force Equation

To find the resultant force of two forces, we can use the equation:

$\text{Resultant Force} = \sqrt{{F_1}^2 + {F_2}^2 + 2F_1F_2\cos{\theta}}$

Where ( F_1 ) and ( F_2 ) are the magnitudes of the two forces, and ( theta ) is the angle between them.

B. The Formula for Resultant Force

Another formula that can be used to find the resultant force is derived from the law of cosines. It is given by:

$\text{Resultant Force} = \sqrt{{F_1}^2 + {F_2}^2 + 2F_1F_2\cos{(180^\circ - \theta)}}$

This formula is particularly useful when the angle between the forces is obtuse (greater than 90 degrees).

IV. How to Calculate the Resultant Force of Two Forces

A. Step-by-Step Guide to Calculating Resultant Force

To calculate the resultant force of two forces, follow these steps:

Identify the magnitudes and directions of the two forces.
Determine the angle between the forces.
Use either the resultant force equation or the formula derived from the law of cosines to calculate the resultant force.

B. Worked Out Example: Calculating Resultant Force of Two Forces

Let’s consider an example to better understand how to calculate the resultant force. Suppose we have two forces: ( F_1 ) with a magnitude of 10 N acting at an angle of 30 degrees, and ( F_2 ) with a magnitude of 8 N acting at an angle of 60 degrees.

Using the resultant force equation, we can calculate the resultant force as follows:

$\text{Resultant Force} = \sqrt{{10}^2 + {8}^2 + 2 \cdot 10 \cdot 8 \cos{30}}$

Simplifying the equation, we get:

$\text{Resultant Force} = \sqrt{100 + 64 + 160 \cos{30}}$

$\text{Resultant Force} = \sqrt{100 + 64 + 80}$

$\text{Resultant Force} \approx \sqrt{244} \approx 15.62 \, \text{N}$

Therefore, the resultant force of the two forces is approximately 15.62 N.

V. How to Determine the Resultant Force of Two Vectors at an Angle

Image by en:User:Cleonis – Wikimedia Commons, Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.

A. Understanding the Role of Angles in Resultant Force

When the two forces are not acting along the same line, it is essential to consider the angle between them. The angle affects the magnitude and direction of the resultant force. If the forces are acting in the same direction, the angle is 0 degrees, and the resultant force is the sum of the two forces. If the forces are acting in opposite directions, the angle is 180 degrees, and the resultant force is the difference between the two forces.

B. Step-by-Step Guide to Calculating Resultant Force of Two Vectors at an Angle

To determine the resultant force of two vectors at an angle, follow these steps:

Resolve the forces into their horizontal and vertical components.
Add the horizontal components and the vertical components separately.
Use the Pythagorean theorem to find the magnitude of the resultant force.
Use trigonometry to find the angle of the resultant force.

C. Worked Out Example: Calculating Resultant Force of Two Vectors at an Angle

Let’s consider an example to illustrate how to calculate the resultant force of two vectors at an angle. Suppose we have two vectors: ( vec{F_1} ) with a magnitude of 10 N at an angle of 30 degrees, and ( vec{F_2} ) with a magnitude of 8 N at an angle of 60 degrees.

Using trigonometry, we can calculate the horizontal and vertical components of each vector:

$( \vec{F_1} )$ horizontal component: $( 10 \cos{30} )$ N
$( \vec{F_1} )$ vertical component: $( 10 \sin{30} )$ N

$( \vec{F_2} )$ horizontal component: $( 8 \cos{60} )$ N
$( \vec{F_2} )$ vertical component: $( 8 \sin{60} )$ N

Next, we add the horizontal components and the vertical components separately:

Horizontal component of resultant force: $( 10 \cos{30} + 8 \cos{60} )$ N
Vertical component of resultant force: $( 10 \sin{30} + 8 \sin{60} )$ N

Using the Pythagorean theorem, we can find the magnitude of the resultant force:

$( \text{Magnitude of resultant force} = \sqrt{{(\text{horizontal component})}^2 + {(\text{vertical component})}^2} )$

$( \text{Magnitude of resultant force} = \sqrt{{(10 \cos{30} + 8 \cos{60})}^2 + {(10 \sin{30} + 8 \sin{60})}^2} )$

Simplifying the equation, we get:

$( \text{Magnitude of resultant force} \approx \sqrt{{(10 \cdot 0.866 + 8 \cdot 0.5)}^2 + {(10 \cdot 0.5 + 8 \cdot 0.866)}^2} )$
$( \text{Magnitude of resultant force} \approx \sqrt{{(8.66 + 4)}^2 + {(5 + 6.928)}^2} )$
$( \text{Magnitude of resultant force} \approx \sqrt{{12.66}^2 + {11.928}^2} )$
$( \text{Magnitude of resultant force} \approx \sqrt{{160.0756 + 142.185984}^2} )$
$( \text{Magnitude of resultant force} \approx \sqrt{302.261584} \approx 17.39 \, \text{N} )$

To find the angle of the resultant force, we can use inverse trigonometric functions:

$( \text{Angle of resultant force} = \arctan{\left(\frac{\text{vertical component}}{\text{horizontal component}}\right)} )$

$( \text{Angle of resultant force} = \arctan{\left(\frac{10 \sin{30} + 8 \sin{60}}{10 \cos{30} + 8 \cos{60}}\right)} )$

Simplifying the equation, we get:

$( \text{Angle of resultant force} = \arctan{\left(\frac{5 + 6.928}{8.66 + 4}\right)} )$
$( \text{Angle of resultant force} = \arctan{\left(\frac{11.928}{12.66}\right)} )$
$( \text{Angle of resultant force} \approx \arctan{0.942} )$
$( \text{Angle of resultant force} \approx 43.65^\circ )$

Therefore, the resultant force of the two vectors is approximately 17.39 N at an angle of 43.65 degrees.

VI. Advanced Calculations: Finding the Resultant Force of Multiple Forces

A. How to Calculate the Resultant Force of Four Forces

When dealing with multiple forces, we can find the resultant force by applying the parallelogram law of vector addition. This law states that if two vectors are represented in magnitude and direction by the sides of a parallelogram, then the resultant vector is represented in magnitude and direction by the diagonal of the parallelogram drawn from the same starting point.

To calculate the resultant force of four forces, follow these steps:

Draw a vector diagram, representing the magnitudes and directions of the four forces.
Complete the parallelogram using the given forces as adjacent sides.
The diagonal of the parallelogram represents the resultant force.
Measure the magnitude and direction of the diagonal using a ruler and protractor.

B. Worked Out Example: Calculating Resultant Force of Four Forces

Let’s consider an example to illustrate how to calculate the resultant force of four forces. Suppose we have four forces with magnitudes of 5 N, 8 N, 10 N, and 12 N, acting at angles of 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees, and 180 degrees, respectively.

Using a vector diagram, we can represent these forces as arrows:

Completing the parallelogram using the given forces, we find that the diagonal represents the resultant force.

Measuring the magnitude and direction of the diagonal, we can determine the resultant force. Let’s assume that the magnitude is approximately 16 N, and the direction is 30 degrees above the positive x-axis.

Therefore, the resultant force of the four forces is approximately 16 N at an angle of 30 degrees.

Also Read:

How To Find Normal Force With Coefficient Of Friction: Several Approaches and Problem Examples

January 21, 2024January 10, 2022 by Rabiya Khalid

normal force with coefficient of friction 0 1

normal force with coefficient of friction 1 1

When dealing with objects in motion or at rest, the concept of friction plays a crucial role. Friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object when it comes into contact with another surface. To understand and analyze the forces involved, it’s important to be able to calculate the normal force and the coefficient of friction. In this blog post, we will dive deep into the topic of how to find the normal force with the coefficient of friction. We will provide a step-by-step guide, explain the relationship between the coefficient of friction and the calculation, and provide examples to solidify our understanding.

How to Calculate Normal Force with Coefficient of Friction

Step-by-step Guide to Calculate Normal Force

To calculate the normal force using the coefficient of friction, we need to follow these steps:

Identify the object and its surroundings: Determine the object for which you want to calculate the normal force and the surface it is in contact with.
Determine the coefficient of friction: The coefficient of friction, denoted by the symbol μ, is a dimensionless constant that represents the frictional properties between two surfaces. It can be found in tables or provided in the problem.
Identify the forces acting on the object: Determine all the forces acting on the object. These forces may include gravitational force, applied force, and the force due to friction.
Analyze the forces: Determine the vertical forces acting on the object. In most cases, the vertical force consists of the gravitational force and the normal force.
Equate the vertical forces: The normal force and the gravitational force must be equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to maintain equilibrium. Mathematically, this can be written as:

$F_{\text{gravity}} = F_{\text{normal}}$

where $F_{\text{gravity}}$ is the gravitational force and $F_{\text{normal}}$ is the normal force.

Solve for the normal force: By substituting the known values into the equation, you can solve for the normal force.

How Coefficient of Friction Affects the Calculation

The coefficient of friction determines the magnitude of the frictional force between two surfaces. It depends on the nature of the surfaces in contact and is influenced by factors such as roughness, texture, and the presence of lubricants. The coefficient of friction can take on different values depending on whether the object is at rest (static friction) or in motion (kinetic friction).

When calculating the normal force with the coefficient of friction, the relationship between these two quantities becomes apparent. A higher coefficient of friction implies a stronger frictional force, which, in turn, affects the normal force. In situations where the coefficient of friction is high, the normal force needs to be greater to counterbalance the force due to friction and maintain equilibrium.

Worked-out Example on Calculating Normal Force with Coefficient of Friction

Let’s take an example to better understand how to calculate the normal force with the coefficient of friction.

Suppose we have a box of mass 10 kg resting on a surface with a coefficient of friction of 0.5. We want to find the normal force acting on the box.

Identify the object and its surroundings: The object is the box, and it is in contact with a surface.
Determine the coefficient of friction: The coefficient of friction is given as 0.5.
Identify the forces acting on the object: The forces acting on the box are the gravitational force and the normal force.
Analyze the forces: The vertical forces acting on the box are the gravitational force (downward) and the normal force (upward).
Equate the vertical forces: By using Newton’s second law and equating the gravitational force to the normal force, we have:

$F_{\text{gravity}} = F_{\text{normal}}$

$F_{\text{gravity}} = m \cdot g$ $where \(m$ is the mass of the box and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity)

Solve for the normal force: Substituting the values, we get:

$F_{\text{normal}} = m \cdot g = 10 \text{ kg} \cdot 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2 = 98 \text{ N}$

Therefore, the normal force acting on the box is 98 N.

Special Cases in Calculating Normal Force with Coefficient of Friction

How to Find Normal Force with Coefficient of Friction and Mass

In cases where the mass of the object is given along with the coefficient of friction, the steps to calculate the normal force remain the same. By using Newton’s second law, with the gravitational force and the normal force balancing each other, you can solve for the normal force.

Finding Coefficient of Friction with Only Normal Force

Sometimes, you might be given the normal force and asked to find the coefficient of friction. In such cases, you can rearrange the equation to solve for the coefficient of friction. By dividing the force due to friction by the normal force, you can determine the coefficient of friction.

How to Find Coefficient of Friction without Normal Force

If the normal force is not provided, but other quantities such as the force due to friction and the applied force are given, it is still possible to find the coefficient of friction. By dividing the force due to friction by the applied force, you can calculate the coefficient of friction.

Common Misconceptions and Errors

Does Coefficient of Friction Depend on Normal Force?

normal force with coefficient of friction 2 1

The coefficient of friction is independent of the normal force. It only depends on the nature of the surfaces in contact and remains constant as long as the surfaces and the conditions remain the same.

How to Find Friction Force without Coefficient

how to find normal force with coefficient of friction — Image by Anna Zvereva – Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Commons, Licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0.

normal force with coefficient of friction 3 1

To find the frictional force without the coefficient of friction, you need additional information, such as the normal force or the applied force. Without the coefficient of friction, it is not possible to directly calculate the frictional force.

Normal Force Times Coefficient of Friction: What Does It Mean?

The product of the normal force and the coefficient of friction gives us the maximum frictional force that can be exerted between two surfaces. It represents the upper limit of the frictional force and is often used in force analysis and calculations.

By understanding how to find the normal force with the coefficient of friction, you can gain insights into the forces involved in various scenarios. This knowledge is crucial for analyzing and predicting the behavior of objects in motion and at rest. Remember to carefully consider the given values and apply the relevant formulas to solve for the normal force. With practice, you will become adept at calculating the normal force with the coefficient of friction and applying it to real-world situations.

How can the coefficient of friction and tension be used to find the normal force?

The concept of Finding Normal Force with Tension is an important one when studying the relationship between forces and equilibrium. By combining this idea with the knowledge of the coefficient of friction, we can further explore the interaction between objects and their support surfaces. When an object is subject to both frictional forces and tension, understanding how these factors affect the normal force becomes crucial. By utilizing the equation for net force in the y-direction and considering the different forces at play, we can calculate the normal force in such scenarios.

Numerical Problems on how to find normal force with coefficient of friction

Problem 1:

A block of mass $m = 10$ kg is resting on a horizontal surface. The coefficient of friction between the block and the surface is $\mu = 0.5$ . Calculate the normal force exerted on the block.

Solution:

The normal force ( $N$ ) can be calculated using the formula:

$N = mg$

where $m$ is the mass of the block and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity.

Substituting the given values, we have:

$N = 10 \, \text{kg} \times 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 = 98 \, \text{N}$

Therefore, the normal force exerted on the block is 98 N.

Problem 2:

A 500 N box is placed on a ramp inclined at an angle of 30 degrees to the horizontal. The coefficient of friction between the box and the ramp is 0.3. Calculate the normal force and the frictional force acting on the box.

Solution:

The normal force ( $N$ ) can be calculated using the formula:

$N = mg \cos(\theta)$

where $m$ is the mass of the box, $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity, and $\theta$ is the angle of inclination.

Given that the weight of the box is 500 N, we can calculate the mass using the formula $m = \frac{W}{g}$ :

$m = \frac{500 \, \text{N}}{9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2} \approx 51.02 \, \text{kg}$

Substituting the values into the normal force formula, we have:

$N = 51.02 \, \text{kg} \times 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 \times \cos(30^\circ) \approx 444.87 \, \text{N}$

Therefore, the normal force acting on the box is approximately 444.87 N.

The frictional force ( $f$ ) can be calculated using the formula:

$f = \mu N$

where $\mu$ is the coefficient of friction.

Substituting the given values, we have:

$f = 0.3 \times 444.87 \, \text{N} \approx 133.46 \, \text{N}$

Therefore, the frictional force acting on the box is approximately 133.46 N.

Problem 3:

A car of mass 1000 kg is moving on a horizontal road with a speed of 20 m/s. The coefficient of friction between the tires and the road is 0.4. Calculate the normal force and the maximum frictional force that can be exerted on the car.

Solution:

The normal force ( $N$ ) can be calculated using the formula:

$N = mg$

where $m$ is the mass of the car and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity.

Substituting the given values, we have:

$N = 1000 \, \text{kg} \times 9.8 \, \text{m/s}^2 = 9800 \, \text{N}$

Therefore, the normal force acting on the car is 9800 N.

The maximum frictional force $f_{\text{max}}$ can be calculated using the formula:

$f_{\text{max}} = \mu N$

where $\mu$ is the coefficient of friction.

Substituting the given values, we have:

$f_{\text{max}} = 0.4 \times 9800 \, \text{N} = 3920 \, \text{N}$

Therefore, the maximum frictional force that can be exerted on the car is 3920 N.

Also Read:

How To Find Normal Force With Tension: The Complete Guide !

January 21, 2024January 6, 2022 by Alpa P. Rajai

How to Find Normal Force with Tension

Understanding the concept of normal force and its relationship with tension is crucial in the field of physics. In this blog post, we will explore the intricacies of finding the normal force with tension, providing step-by-step guidance, worked-out examples, and debunking common misconceptions along the way. So, let’s dive right in!

A. Understanding the Concept of Normal Force

The normal force is a fundamental concept in physics that arises when an object comes into contact with a surface. It is a force exerted perpendicular to the surface, opposing the force of gravity acting on the object. The magnitude of the normal force depends on various factors such as the weight of the object, the angle of inclination, and the presence of other forces.

B. The Role of Tension in Determining Normal Force

tension, on the other hand, is a force that occurs when an object is pulled or stretched by a rope, cable, or any other similar medium. It acts in the direction of the rope, opposing the force applied to it. When tension is present, it affects the value of the normal force experienced by an object, especially in scenarios where the object is suspended or connected to a system of ropes.

C. The Relationship between Normal Force and Tension

The relationship between normal force and tension can be understood through Newton’s third law of motion, which states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. When an object is at rest or in equilibrium, the tension force within a rope or cable is equal to the normal force experienced by the object. This means that the tension force and the normal force have the same magnitude but act in opposite directions.

Step-by-Step Guide to Calculate Normal Force with Tension

Image by Cdang – Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Commons, Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.

how to find normal force with tension — Image by Joseasorrentino – Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Commons, Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.

Now that we have a solid understanding of the concept, let’s explore a step-by-step guide to calculate the normal force with tension.

A. Identifying the Variables

To calculate the normal force with tension, we need to identify the variables involved in the system. These variables may include the mass of the object, the angle of inclination, the force applied, and the presence of friction. By recognizing and understanding these variables, we can apply the appropriate formulas and equations to solve for the normal force.

B. Applying the Correct Formulas

To calculate the normal force with tension, we often utilize the principles of trigonometry and Newton’s laws of motion. For example, when dealing with an object on an inclined plane, we can use the formula:

$N = mg\cos(\theta)$

where N represents the normal force, m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and θ is the angle of inclination.

C. Worked out Examples of Calculating Normal Force with Tension

Let’s walk through a practical example to better understand how to calculate the normal force with tension. Suppose we have a box with a mass of 10 kg resting on an inclined plane with an angle of inclination of 30 degrees. The box is connected to a rope that makes an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal. We want to find the normal force acting on the box.

First, we determine the weight of the box using the formula:

$W = mg = 10 kg \times 9.8 m/s^2 = 98 N$

Next, we calculate the gravitational force component acting parallel to the incline:

$F_{\text{parallel}} = mg\sin(\theta) = 10 kg \times 9.8 m/s^2 \times \sin(30^\circ) = 49 N$

Then, we find the tension force in the rope:

$T = \frac{F_{\text{parallel}}}{\cos(\phi)} = \frac{49 N}{\cos(45^\circ)} = 69.296 N$

Finally, using Newton’s third law of motion, we conclude that the normal force acting on the box is 69.296 N.

Common Misconceptions about Normal Force and Tension

Image by Sanpaz – Wikimedia Commons, Wikimedia Commons, Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.

Let’s address some common misconceptions that often arise when discussing the concepts of normal force and tension.

A. Is Tension a Normal Force?

No, tension is not a normal force. tension refers to the force experienced by an object when being pulled or stretched by a rope or cable. On the other hand, the normal force is the force exerted by a surface perpendicular to the object in contact with it.

B. Does Tension Equal Force?

In certain scenarios, tension can be equal to the force applied to it. However, in the context of finding the normal force with tension, tension and the normal force have the same magnitude but act in opposite directions due to Newton’s third law of motion.

C. Does Tension Force Do Work?

Yes, tension force can do work. When an object is lifted or moved by a rope or cable, the tension force applied by the rope transfers energy to the object, thereby doing work on it.

How can the coefficient of friction be used to calculate the normal force in a system?

Calculating normal force with coefficient is a crucial concept in physics. One can understand this concept better by exploring the relationship between tension and normal force. By understanding how to find the normal force with the coefficient of friction, one can gain insight into the mechanics of objects in contact with each other. To explore this topic further, you can refer to the article on Calculating normal force with coefficient.

How to Find Tension Force without Acceleration

In certain cases, we may need to find the tension force acting on an object without considering acceleration. Let’s explore the process of finding the tension force in such scenarios.

A. Understanding the Scenario

When an object is in equilibrium or at rest, the net force acting on it is zero. In this case, we can determine the tension force by considering the forces acting on the object and applying the principle of equilibrium.

B. The Calculation Process

To find the tension force without acceleration, we need to analyze the forces acting on the object. By considering the weight force and any other forces involved, we can set up an equation that ensures the object is in equilibrium. Solving this equation will give us the tension force.

C. Example Problems for Better Understanding

Let’s consider a simple example to illustrate how to find the tension force without acceleration. Suppose we have a mass of 5 kg hanging from a rope attached to a ceiling. The mass is at rest, and we want to find the tension force in the rope.

First, we recognize that the weight force of the object is 5 kg multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s^2), which gives us 49 N. Since the object is at rest, the tension force in the rope must equal the weight force, resulting in a tension force of 49 N.

By following this process, we can accurately determine the tension force acting on an object without acceleration.

Also Read:

What is Negative Electrostatic Force?

Problem 1: Calculate the electrostatic force between the charge q1 and q2 possessing charge -1C and +3C respectively. These two charges are separated by a distance of 2.5 cm.

When Electrostatic Force is Negative?

Negative Electrostatic Force Point

Can Electrostatic Force be Negative?

Negative vs Positive Electrostatic Force

Frequently Asked Questions

Is the work done by the negative electrostatic force?

Is negative electrostatic force an attractive force?

Is electric force directly proportional to charge?

Problem 1: Consider two charged particles Q1, Q2, Q3,and Q4 carrying a charge of -1C, 3C, -2C, and 1C respectively. Calculate the electrostatic force on particle Q1.

Electrostatic Force on Charge in Electric Field

Problem 2: What is the electric field due to a particle of charge +3C at a distance of 3cm? How much force will it exert on the charge of +1C separated by a distance of 5cm?

How Electrostatic Force Acts on Charges?

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the electrostatic force between the proton and electron separated by a distance of 1fm?

How electrostatic force is different from gravitational force?

How does the electric field depend upon the electrostatic force?

What does the negative electrostatic force signify?

How many types of electrostatic forces are there?

Electrostatic Force and Distance Graph

Example: Consider two charges q1 and q2 having charges of 1C and 2C respectively. Find out the variation in the electrostatic force between these two charges is the distance between the two changes, and then plot the graph.

Example: Consider two charges q1 and q2 having charges of -1C and 2C respectively. Find the electrostatic force with the variable distance separating the two charged particles and then plot the graph for the same.

How are Electrostatic Force and Distance Related?

Problem: Three charged particles are separated by a distance having different charges as shown in the below figure. Calculate the electrostatic force on charge Q1.

Does Electrostatic Force Increase with Distance?

How does Distance Increase Force?

How does Electrostatic Force Work?

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the electrostatic potential?

How electric potential is different from electric force?

What is electrostatics?

Introduction to Electrostatic Force

Definition and Explanation of Electrostatic Force

Calculation of Electrostatic Force

Factors Affecting Electrostatic Force

Attraction and Repulsion

Electrostatic Force Examples

Rubbing the rod with silk clothes

Television screen

Nylon clothes

Photographs sticking to the wrapper

Winter wear

Comb and pieces of paper

Balloons rubbed with hair

Doorknob

Kid’s hair after sliding over the plastic bouncer house

J. Rubbing shoes over carpet

The effects of electrostatic force

Exploring the world of electrostatics

Electrostatic Force and Potential Energy

Attraction and Repulsion

Static Electricity

Electric Potential Energy

Comparison with Gravitational and Electric Forces

Gravitational Force

Electric Force

Comparison

Applications and Examples of Electrostatic Force

Rubbing a Balloon Against Your Hair and Sticking it to a Wall

Electrostatic Precipitator for Dust Removal

Electrophotography or Laser Printing

Ionizing Air Filters for Air Purification

Electrostatic Force in Copy Machines

Frequently Asked Questions

What is electrostatic force?

What is the law that governs electrostatic force?

Who discovered Coulomb’s law?

How is the electrostatic force between two charged particles or objects calculated?

What are charged objects?

What is the relationship between the electrostatic force and the distance between charged objects?

Can electrostatic force be both attractive and repulsive?

What causes electrostatic force?

The property of charged particles

The role of electric fields

Examples of electrostatic force

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What is electrostatic force in chemistry?

Q: Can you explain electrostatic force with an example?

Q: What are some examples of electrostatic forces in our daily life?

Problem 1: Calculate the electrostatic force between the charge q₁ and q₂ possessing charge -1C and +3C respectively. These two charges are separated by a distance of 2.5 cm.

Problem 1: Consider two charged particles Q₁, Q₂, Q₃,and Q₄ carrying a charge of -1C, 3C, -2C, and 1C respectively. Calculate the electrostatic force on particle Q₁.

Example: Consider two charges q₁ and q₂ having charges of 1C and 2C respectively. Find out the variation in the electrostatic force between these two charges is the distance between the two changes, and then plot the graph.

Example: Consider two charges q₁ and q₂ having charges of -1C and 2C respectively. Find the electrostatic force with the variable distance separating the two charged particles and then plot the graph for the same.

Problem: Three charged particles are separated by a distance having different charges as shown in the below figure. Calculate the electrostatic force on charge Q₁.

A force is applied on a block of mass 105kg to displace it at a distance ‘x’. The coefficient of friction of the surface is 0.25 and the acceleration of the block is 0.05m/s². Calculate the total force and the push force applied on the block.

A woman in a shopping mall is pushing a shopping trolley of weight 2.3 kg. The acceleration of the trolley on the application of the push force is 0.5m/s². Calculate the push force applied on the trolley.