I am Keerthi K Murthy, I have completed post graduation in Physics, with the specialization in the field of solid state physics. I have always consider physics as a fundamental subject which is connected to our daily life. Being a science student I enjoy exploring new things in physics. As a writer my goal is to reach the readers with the simplified manner through my articles.
The body possesses mechanical energy is due to both potential and kinetic energy. Conversion of potential energy into mechanical thus involves the transformation into kinetic or potential energy.
Some example of potential energy to mechanical energy listed below:
Water turbines are used to generate hydroelectricity from the falling water—the water before falling stores a lot of potential energy. As the water from the enormous height falls on the turbine, the turbine begins to rotate, generating electricity. Thus, in hydroelectricity generation, the potential energy of the water is transformed and exert a force on the turbine to do work in the form of mechanical energy.
Solar cell
Solar cell stores the irradiated sunlight in the battery as charges possessing potential energy. When fitted to the light bulb, this solar cell converts its potential energy into mechanical energy by making the bulb glow. The solar cell works with the same principle in water heaters.
Firearm
The bullet inside the firearm possesses a lot of potential energy before triggering. Once the gun is triggered, the bullet loses the potential energy and gains kinetic energy to be left out of the gun. In this case, the potential energy is converted into mechanical energy by triggering the firearm, thus making the bullet attain kinetic energy.
Fossils are the left impression of dead animals’ bones, skeleton microbes, stones, hair, oil, or wood embedded in the rock as a petrified form. The fossils store potential energy, which can be utilized further to do mechanical work.
Fossils are extracted to use as fuels. When the fossils are burned, they produce heat used to run the motor. Thus fossil is an excellent example of potential energy to mechanical energy.
Ignition of gasoline
Before the ignition of gasoline in automobiles, it stores the chemical potential energy in it. Once the gasoline ignited, the stored potential energy is transformed to the piston in the form of heat, which drives the piston to do the work.
The internal combustion of the gasoline thus converts the potential energy into mechanical energy in the piston by making the wheel rotate, causing the motion of the automobile to possess kinetic energy.
Nuclear power plant
The nuclear power plant generates electricity using radioactive atoms such as uranium atom as the fissionable element. Initially, the uranium atom stores the potential energy in it.
The uranium atom undergoes nuclear fission in the reactor core by generating heat, thus making the water boil and steam is produced. The steam pressurizes the blade and makes the turbine rotate. As the rotation speed increases, electricity is produced. Thus potential energy in the uranium atom is converted into mechanical energy of the turbine.
Motor runs with battery.
Any motor which runs on the battery is an excellent example of potential energy to mechanical energy as the battery stores the charges in the form of potential energy. When the battery is turned on, the charges flow to do the work; thus, the motor runs. The motion of the motor is due to the conversion of potential energy into mechanical energy.
Stretching an arrow
The arrow and bow both possess potential energy due to the virtue of their position. When the bow is stretched then left, the potential energy is transformed, and thus the arrow gains the kinetic energy. Thus, stretching causes the arrow to convert potential energy to mechanical energy.
Fixing the nail on the wall with the help of a hammer possesses a kind of mechanical energy. By hitting with a hammer, the nail drives into the wall. Before hitting, both hammer and nail possess potential energy due to virtue of their position.
When we swing the hammer from some distance before it can hit the nail, the potential energy of the hammer is lost, and it gains kinetic energy. Thus mechanical energy came into existence in fixing the nail as the combination of potential energy, and kinetic energy is termed as mechanical energy.
A Roller coaster possesses both potential energy and kinetic energy. At the top of the track, the coaster contains potential energy before the ride begins. Once the coaster begins to move, the potential energy is transformed. The transformation of potential energy is responsible for the coaster to do work.
Steam engines
The steam engines are capable of doing work only when the coal is burnt to form the steam by boiling the water. Before burning, coal stores enormous amount of potential energy. As the coal is burnt and water gets boiled, the steam is produced, which pressurizes the piston to do the mechanical work, thus causing the motion.
Wrecking ball
The wrecking ball is a large round structure hung with the help of a chain or string used for demolition buildings. The large ball is held at a certain height with the help of a crane. At that instance, the ball possesses potential energy. As soon as the ball is dropped, it acquires kinetic energy; thus, by hitting building collapses. The force of application to collapse is the form of mechanical energy.
A dart gun is fitted with a spring that possesses elastic potential energy. When the gun is loaded, the spring compresses. Due to compression, the spring applies the force on the dart to move out of the spring. This force is termed mechanical energy as the dart gun does the work due to this force.
Bowling ball
A targeting game that illustrates the mechanical energy by both potential and kinetic energy is the bowling ball. The ball and target pins used in the bowling ball have potential energy. When the ball rolls towards the pin and hits them, the pin displaces from their position; thus, work is done. The force applied to the pin to expel its position is due to the ball’s potential energy converted into mechanical energy.
Cycling
The best example of potential energy to mechanical energy conversion is cycling. The nutrients in our body possess potential energy, which converts into potential energy whenever we need to do work. While cycling, the potential energy in the body is transferred to the pedal to do work; hence, mechanical energy comes into play in cycling.
Coriolis force is the pseudo force exerted on the independently rotating system in which the object appears as they have deviated from the path, but they do not.
There are several Coriolis force example that describe the deviation in the rotating system listed below:
Earth is the rotating frame of reference. Earth rotation is an excellent Coriolis force example as the earth’s rotation speed is different in different regions.
If we consider earth as a rotating frame and space as frame of an observer, then the object moving on the earth appears as they deflect towards right in northern hemisphere and the same object in the southern hemisphere appears as they deflected towards left. This is because the earth’s rotation speed is more in the equator than in the poles.
Rotation of earth as Coriolis force example
This kind of rotation of the earth is responsible for the change in the weather pattern on the earth’s surface. Our planet’s rotation itself is the biggest reason for this apparent force called Coriolis force.
Cyclones
The most significant impact of Coriolis force on the earth is a cyclone, which is caused due to rotation of a large mass of air at the center. The cyclones are due to the pushing the air from warm low-pressure region to moist high-pressure region.
As the air mass rotates, the air pulls towards the center. This causes the air to bend right in the northern hemisphere; thus, the cyclone rotates in the counter clockwise direction. But in the southern hemisphere, they bent towards the left, causing the rotation in the clockwise direction.
The wind is carried by the air molecules, subjected to Coriolis force. The local wind blowing is similar to the cyclone as the air drift towards the right when they blew in northern hemisphere; thus towards left in the southern hemisphere. The deflection of the local wind is due to the apparent force due to the earth rotation Coriolis force.
Ship in the sea
Ship sailing on the sea is a good Coriolis force example. The ship appears as deviated from its path because of both water and wind. Both water and wind are affected by the Coriolis force.
For all kinds of types of motion, we consider the earth as a reference. When we observe the ship sailing on the sea from the seashore, it appears like they are tracing a curved path. This Coriolis force does not affect the mariners to sail as the impact of Coriolis force is very much less compared to other forces acting on the ship.
Firing bullet
After firing the bullet, it may slightly deviate from the target; thus, snipers are considered as Coriolis force example. Let us consider the example of military snipers. Imagine a lot of people surrounding the target; the snipers should be aware of the Coriolis force; otherwise, innocents will get hurt.
If the sniper is shooting from a large distance, the trajectory of the bullet changes minutely due to Coriolis force; this affects the accuracy of the shooting. If the target is in the east, the bullet hits the target higher than he aimed. If the target is in the west of the firearm, the bullet hits the target lower than he aimed. This deviation is due to the Coriolis force.
Draining bathtub
The Coriolis force also affects the draining bathtub water, but it is negligible because we are taking the earth as our reference frame. Compared to the earth, draining the bathtub is extremely small.
The water swirls when draining from the bathtub due to the angular acceleration. The deflection of the water direction cannot be predicted in draining the water in the bathtub, and thus calculation is impossible. Though there will be Coriolis force acting in the process of draining in a negligible amount.
Airplane
The pilots are highly aware of the Coriolis force in the airplane. Due to prevailing wind, the aircraft appears as they drift from their flight path, but they are actually in the right path. Another instance is that the airplane appears to trace the curved path even though they are moving in the straight path to the person observing the plane’s flight path from the ground.
When the rocket is launched, we see the rocket begins to trace the curved trajectory. The rocket never traces the curved trajectory, but it appears like they are in a curved path. This apparent deflection of course, is due to the effect of Coriolis force.
The effect of Coriolis force on the airplane and rocket is very less because the speed of the rocket and airplane is very much greater than the Coriolis force.
Bounced ball
Suppose a ball is bouncing on the turntable of the carousel at its edge appears to be in the straight line for the person observing the ball within the same frame, but for the person who is observing the ball from inertial frame sees the ball as the deviated from the place and is in the curved trajectory. This is due to the fictitious effect of the Coriolis force.
Coriolis force example
Throwing the ball in the merry-go-round
Imagine that you are sitting on the merry-go-round, and your friend is sitting right opposite you on the same merry-go-round, and you throw a ball to your friend. The visualization of the looks they have traced the curved path in the rotating frame. The appearance of the curved trajectory of the ball’s motion is caused due to the Coriolis force.
Ocean current
Ocean current is caused by the vertical and horizontal motion of the seawater influenced by gravity, wind, and water density.
Due to the earth’s rotation and wind, the ocean current deflects the direction. In the northern hemisphere, the ocean current deflection is predicted towards the right, and in the southern hemisphere, the deflection is predicted towards the left.
Trade wind
The wind blows from east to west near the equator. The trade wind is also referred to as the air currents. This type of wind blew westwards due to Coriolis force. The air traces the curved path and rotates in counter clockwise direction northern hemisphere and thus clockwise in the southern hemisphere, and hence in both the hemispheres, trade wind blows from east to west.
Clay pot making
The clay pot maker should be aware of the Coriolis force as the pot is done by rotating the pottery wheel. The pot maker is in the inertial frame; thus, he may see the drift while making the pot.
Driving the car in the curved road
While driving in the car in the curves, the passengers move towards the left if the car is turned towards the right. The fictitious force is acting on the passengers. In the curved path, the Coriolis force exists. The person observing the car’s motion sees the car has bent towards the surface. This apparent deflection of the appearance of the car is due to the Coriolis effect.
Insect flight
The insects flight is largely affected by the Coriolis force. The effect of Coriolis force on insects’ force is due to the linear motion of the appendages, which is capable of detecting the rotator motion.
Insects are provided with the dumbbell-shaped organ called a halter. The halter oscillates with the frequency same as the main wing so that the body of the insects rotates, resulting in the deviation of the halters from the plane.
Tornadoes
The swirling of the tornadoes makes the rotation motion. The Coriolis force indirectly influences the tornadoes. Tornadoes are too small initially and tend towards the general direction of low pressure. In the northern hemisphere, swirling of the tornadoes is anti clockwise and in southern hemisphere the swirling is in clockwise rotation.
The apparent deflection of the tornadoes thus takes place in the right side when it is observed in the northern hemisphere and hence left in the southern hemisphere.
Frequently Asked questions
What do you mean by Coriolis force?
Coriolis force is an apparent force that can be described in terms of frame of reference.
An inertial force that exerted on the rotating object with respect to an observer observing from an inertial frame. In the clockwise rotation, the Coriolis force acts towards the left, and the Coriolis force acts towards the right in the counterclockwise rotation.
Does Coriolis force is constant everywhere on the earth’s surface?
No, the Coriolis force is not constant; it varies on the earth’s surface.
The Coriolis force is maximum at the two poles of the earth’s surface and along the equator; the Coriolis force is absent.
The radiant energy may be in the form of heat, light, sound. If the radiant energy from a source is stored for future use, then we can say that the stored energy is nothing but potential energy.
Here in the below list, we gave the example of radiant energy to potential energy.
A solar cell is the most convenient example of radiant energy to potential energy conversion. When the light radiated from the sun fall on the solar panel, the panel absorbs the radiation and converts the radiation into electrical charges processing the potential energy.
The potential energy processed by the electrical charges stored in the solar cell is further converted into heat or light energy.
Solar water heater
The solar water heater utilizes solar radiation to heat the water. The panel absorbed the radiated sunlight fitted to the tank. The panel converts the radiant energy into electrical potential energy, which is further converted as the heat energy is transferred to the water.
The plant utilizes sunlight for the process of photosynthesis. The plants absorb the light radiated from the sun and then release the oxygen to the atmosphere and utilize carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates stored in the leaves and roots of the plant. Thus radiant energy is converted into chemical potential energy through photosynthesis.
The heat generated due to friction
Every object possesses friction which restricts its motion. When a moving object possesses large friction, heat is radiated between the object the moving surface. The heat thus generated by the friction makes the object stop its motion.
The object in the stationary state always possesses potential energy. Hence by stopping the motion of the object, the heat produced due to friction sets an example of radiant energy to potential energy conversion.
Microwave ovens are used for cooking and baking food. The microwave is radiated in the cooking chamber of the oven. As the radiation falls on the food, heat is generated, and the food gets cooked. The cooked food is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, and other nutrients stored in the food as chemical potential energy.
To detect the fracture or any defect inside the body tissue, x-rays are used. X-ray carries the radiant energy when it falls on the body tissue. The x-ray beam shoots the body and travels along with the soft tissue. The x-ray scanner machine is attached to the detector, which can produce the image by interacting with a film. Thus travelled x-ray beam inside the body produces the image in the thin film.
In the barbecue grilling process, the natural gas undergoes a chemical reaction in the furnace, and thus, radiant energy in the form of heat is generated.
The heat generated in the grill cooks our food and keeps the food warm as long as the grill radiates the heat. The cooked food stores the potential energy. Thus barbecue grill is considered as an example of radiant energy to potential energy.
In the previous example, we have discussed the radiant energy from the converted as potential energy. Several artificial ultraviolet radiation sources emit radiation that is converted into potential energy.
Phototherapy is the best example of radiant energy into potential energy using UV radiation. Phototherapy utilizes the exposure of the body to fluorescent UV radiation. This technique is mainly used in the treatment of jaundice in newborns. By exposing the infant to UV radiation, the body absorbs the radiation from the source and stores it inside the body, thus helping the body oxidize the bilirubin component from the blood and thus eliminate it.
Infrared radiation
Infrared radiation is used as a catalyst in many chemical reactions. For easy splitting of a water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen molecule, IR radiation is used as the catalyst. When the IR radiation is incident on the water molecule, a vibration is irradiated to break the bond between the Hydrogen and oxygen molecule. Thus oxygen and hydrogen possess chemical potential energy.
Cell phones
The cell phone stores the electrical charges which possess potential energy. As the electrical charges flow towards the batteries, some amount of heat is radiated in the process of storing the charges. Thus, storing charges in the cell phone battery is also due to the radiant energy from the electrical energy. Therefore cell phones are also an example of radiant energy to potential energy conversion.
While driving when you apply the brake to stop your vehicle. The application of brake is good example of radiant energy to potential energy. The disc brake in the automobile generates heat due to friction. As the heat radiated from the disc brake increases due to friction in the moving automobile, it begins to decelerate, and finally, the motion is retarded. Thus the radiant energy is converted into potential energy in automobiles.
Solar cooker
Solar cooker utilizes the sunlight for food cooking purpose. The solar cooker uses a concave mirror to reflect the sunlight. The radiant light energy from the sun falls on the pan, which contains the food to be cooked. As the light strikes, the concave mirror focus the light to a single point, and the light energy is converted into heat, and thus food gets cooked, which has the chemical energy in the form of potential energy.
Radiant energy is a form of energy transferred by the means of electromagnetic radiation. The radiation energy is also converted into other forms. Let us study the example of radiant energy to kinetic energy.
Detailed Explanation on the example of radiant energy to kinetic energy
Radiant energy is radiated in the form of light, heat and sound. In some cases, radiant energy causes motion; the example of radiant energy to kinetic energy is explained below.
Windmill
The wind carries radiant energy. When the wind blows, the radiant energy is carried through the wind that causes the wings of the windmill to rotate. Since the rotation of the wings is a form of kinetic energy, the radiant energy is transformed into kinetic energy.
Steamboats are run by steam produced by burning coal. When the coal is burnt, heat is radiated, and the water boils, producing steam. The steam generates the pressure to push the piston, and thus the boat begins to move. Thus the radiant energy from the coal is turned into the kinetic energy of the boat in motion.
Tornadoes
During summer days, we have observed tornadoes. When the humid, warm air and the dry cold air collide, tornadoes are generated. The air radiating from the tornadoes attracts the particles in the surround, and it begins to rotate. Thus the surrounding particles acquire kinetic energy from the radiated air.
A steam train also works similarly to steamboats. Heat is radiated by burning the coal produces steam. As the burning increases, the steam temperature also creases, creating high pressure. The pressurized steam pushes the axel of the piston connected to the wheel, causing them to rotate, and thus the train begins to move. Therefore trains run by steam are an example of radiant energy to kinetic energy conversion.
Dust particles carried by the wind
The wind always blows from region of low-pressure to high-pressure or vice versa. It is a good example of radiant energy to kinetic energy conversion. The breeze carries the dust particle with it when it blows. The dust particles possess kinetic energy as they begin to move. The radiant energy carried by the wind is transferred to the dust particle to cause motion.
Fan causing the motion of the lighter object
When you switch on your fan for some air, the object lighter object near the fan moving in the air is an example of radiant energy to kinetic energy. When the fan is turned on, the mechanical energy makes the propellers rotate and thus, the air is radiated in the room. The objects less dense than the air begins to move; thus, radiant energy emitted by the fan is converted as the kinetic energy of the lighter object.
Rocket
The rocket launching requires more amount of fuel to be ignited. The burnt fuels produce a large amount of radiant energy in the form of heat. Thus to escape from the earth’s gravity, upward thrust must be very high; it is given by the fuel radiated downward when ignited. Thus vertical motion of the rocket is due to the radiant energy which is radiated downward.
Cyclones are caused due to rise in the temperature of the air over the ocean surface and a fall in the atmospheric pressure in that region. The air in the surrounding region is of high pressure, which is pushed towards the low-pressure area, and thus the air is warmed up. This results in the water molecule acquiring kinetic energy, and it rises. This cycle is continuous.
During cyclones raining is common, it is because the cool air becomes warm and moist due to low pressure, it rises. When the warm air rises up, the atmospheric air cools them, and the cloud is formed, causing the rain.
Earthquake
When the seismic wave suddenly releases in the earth’s lithosphere, the surface of the earth is shaken causing the earthquake. The seismic wave radiated hits beneath the surface causing the vibration, which shakes the surface.
If the frequency of a seismic wave is more, it causes the collapse of buildings, cracks in the surface.
Volcanic eruption
When a rock called magma beneath the earth rises to the surface, volcanoes erupt. When the earth’s mantle melts, it radiates a tremendous amount of energy, causing high pressure in the exsolved gases in the magma. Magma is lighter, and thus pressure created pushes the magma to rise out of the surface, causing the eruption.
In the process of demolition of large buildings, a vibration of significant frequency is radiated on the walls of the building, causing the destruction. Explosives like dynamites are used in this process. The vibration radiated by the dynamite hits the wall of the building; this vibration makes the building collapse.
The heat emitted by the hairdryer.
To dry the wet hair, hairdryers are used. The hairdryer radiates the heat. When we blow them on our hair, the hair becomes dry, and we can also observe the spreading of the hair in the air. Thus radiant energy from the dryer is transferred to the hair as kinetic energy.
The water birds are perpetual motion toys that work as heat engines to mimic the motion of the drinking bird. When the bird’s beak dips in the water, the water is vaporized in the bird’s head and radiates heat. This radiated heat lowers the pressure and makes the head toggle. Thus radiated energy is converted as kinetic energy.
Electrical energy can be converted into chemical energy indirectly. Most commonly electrolysis is used for the conversion of electrical to chemical energy.
A list of example of electrical energy to chemical energy is given below:
Explanation on the example of electrical energy to chemical energy
The electrochemical reaction is the process in which a chemical reaction takes place in the presence of electricity as a catalyst, in which electrical energy is converted into chemical energy.
Rechargeable flashlights
The rechargeable flashlight consists of a battery to store the charges. When the flashlight is connected to the AC power supply, the electric charges flow towards the batteries to convert electrical energy into chemical energy.
The batteries are made up of lithium and nickel ions, and also an electrolyte is used in the battery. The electrolyte allows the charges to pass between the cathode and anode terminal. Hence, the electric charges from the power supply stored in the battery of the flashlight possess chemical energy.
Charging the mobile phones
Basically, mobile phones are working as a charging and discharging process. The battery of the mobiles is made of lithium polymer consisting of the lithium-ion electrode.
When you charge your phone, the charges from the power supply move towards the battery. The electrons from the charger move towards anode from the cathode of the battery, thus storing the charges possessing chemical potential energy. Hence charging your phone is an excellent example of electrical energy to chemical energy.
When you are travelling, one of the essential things you carry is the power bank used to charge your phone. When the power bank is charging, the electric charges are stored inside the battery through the electrolysis process. Thus charges possess the chemical potential energy to reside in the power bank.
Capacitors are the electric components used for storing the electrical charges inside the electric field. Electrolytic capacitors are used in the operation of high voltage DC supply.
The electrolytic capacitors are of asymmetric construction; hence they are polarized. It consists of an anode made up of an oxidized insulating layer that acts as a dielectric. The electrolyte used in the capacitor acts as the cathode. The electric charges from the power supply are now stored inside the capacitor through the electrolysis thus electrical energy of the charges possesses chemical energy.
Electroplating
Electroplating is a process of coating the metal surface by negative charge metal by immersing them in the solution of metal salt. One metal is considered an anode, and the other, which needs to be coated, serves as a cathode.
An external source is connected to the metal to reduce the metal cation. As the current is passed, the cathode terminal undergoes a reduction reaction, and the anode undergoes an oxidation reaction. The metal is dissolved in the anode is plated on the cathode surface. Thus electrical energy from the external source is converted into chemical energy.
The gold plating on the metallic jewellery is done by electroplating. Electroplating is used to prevent the corrosion of the metal.
Electrolysis of water
Electrolysis of water is the most commonly explained example of electrical energy to chemical energy. It is a process of separating hydrogen gas from water by applying external current.
Water electrolysis is done by connecting the DC power supply to two inert electrodes such as platinum or indium immersed in the water. As the current passes through the electrodes, hydrogen settles down at the cathode, and oxygen will be at the anode. Thus electrical energy is responsible for the breaking the bond between the water molecule and causing the separation of hydrogen and oxygen molecule.
Welding is the process of melting a part of two metals or thermoplastics to join them together. An external current source is connected to the welding machine, as the current flows the welding gun heats up resulting in the melting of the metal. Allow them to cool for some time, causing fusion. Thus both metals are held by a strong bond possessing chemical energy.
The cathodic protection sounds similar to electroplating, but the application differs from one another.
Cathodic protection is an electrolytic reaction in which more electropositive metal serves as the anode while electronegative as a cathode. Both anode and cathode metal are immersed in water or soil. Then, the current is passed through an external source; the cathode undergoes reduction, and the anode undergoes oxidation; thus, the metal is prevented from corrosion. The chemical reaction takes place by applying electric current; thus, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy.
The memory cards are made up of silicon wafers. There are several electrical components like transistors are involved in the chip. Suppose we input any data, the transistor switches and turns on. This data pattern accumulates on the silicon wafer, forms the multilayer interconnected lattice pattern, and stores the data. The stored data possess chemical potential energy.
A cyclotron is an accelerator which accelerates the charged particles. By the application of an electric field to the cyclotron, the acceleration of the particle keeps on increasing, thus initiating the production of radioactive isotopes. Thus the electrical energy is responsible for producing the new isotopes. Hence cyclotrons are a good example of electrical energy to chemical energy.
Electrical energy is a versatile form of energy that can be converted into various other forms, including sound energy. Sound energy is the energy produced when an object vibrates, creating sound waves that travel through a medium, such as air or water. This conversion from electrical energy to sound energy is made possible through the use of devices such as speakers and headphones. By understanding how electrical energy is transformed into sound energy, we can appreciate the technology behind audio devices and the role they play in our daily lives. In this article, we will explore some examples of how electrical energy is converted into sound energy, and delve into the science behind this fascinating process. So, let’s dive in and discover the wonders of electrical energy transforming into sound energy!
Key Takeaways
Electrical energy can be converted into sound energy through the use of transducers.
Transducers, such as speakers or buzzers, convert electrical signals into mechanical vibrations that produce sound waves.
The conversion of electrical energy to sound energy is commonly used in various applications, including audio systems, telecommunication devices, and alarm systems.
Understanding the process of converting electrical energy to sound energy is essential for designing and troubleshooting sound-producing devices.
Examples of Electrical Energy Converted to Sound Energy
Loudspeakers
Loudspeakers are a common example of electrical energy being converted into sound energy. They play a crucial role in audio systems, such as home theaters, music players, and public address systems. Let’s explore how electrical energy is converted into sound energy in loudspeakers.
In a loudspeaker, electrical energy is received through an electrical circuit. The electrical signals are then sent to a voice coil, which is a wire coil wrapped around a cylindrical former. When an electrical current passes through the voice coil, it creates a magnetic field. This magnetic field interacts with a permanent magnet, causing the voice coil to move back and forth rapidly.
The movement of the voice coil is transmitted to a diaphragm, which is a thin, flexible cone-shaped membrane. As the voice coil moves, it pushes and pulls the diaphragm, causing it to vibrate. These vibrations create sound waves in the surrounding air, which we perceive as sound.
Another example of electrical energy being converted into sound energy is electric bells used in schools and colleges. These bells are commonly used to signal the start and end of classes or other important events. Let’s take a closer look at how electrical energy is converted into sound energy in electric bells.
Electric bells consist of a metal bell and a clapper. When an electrical current flows through the bell, it creates a magnetic field. This magnetic field attracts the clapper, which is a piece of metal with a small weight at one end. The clapper is held away from the bell by a spring.
When the electrical current is switched on, the magnetic field pulls the clapper towards the bell, causing it to strike the bell. This impact produces a sound wave, which we hear as a ringing sound. When the electrical current is switched off, the magnetic field disappears, and the spring pulls the clapper away from the bell, stopping the sound.
Earphones
Earphones, also known as headphones, are widely used for personal audio listening. They convert electrical energy into sound energy, allowing us to enjoy music, podcasts, and other audio content. Let’s delve into how electrical energy is converted into sound energy in earphones.
In earphones, electrical signals from an audio source, such as a smartphone or music player, are transmitted through a wire to a small speaker unit. The speaker unit consists of a moving diaphragm, which is a thin membrane made of a flexible material like plastic or metal.
When the electrical signals reach the speaker unit, they cause the diaphragm to vibrate. These vibrations create sound waves that travel through the air and into our ears, enabling us to hear the audio. The quality of the sound produced by earphones depends on factors such as the design of the diaphragm, the size of the speaker unit, and the overall construction of the earphones.
Cordless Headphones
Cordless headphones, also known as wireless headphones, are becoming increasingly popular due to their convenience and freedom of movement. These headphones also convert electrical energy into sound energy, allowing us to listen to audio without being tethered to a device. Let’s explore how electrical energy is converted into sound energy in cordless headphones.
Cordless headphones use batteries to store electrical charges. These batteries provide the necessary electrical energy for sound generation. When audio signals are transmitted wirelessly from a device, such as a smartphone or computer, they are received by the headphones.
Inside the headphones, the electrical signals are converted into sound waves using a similar mechanism as earphones. The electrical signals cause a moving diaphragm to vibrate, producing sound waves that we can hear. The use of batteries in cordless headphones allows for portable and wireless sound reproduction.
Television sets are essential devices in our homes, providing both visual and auditory entertainment. They convert electrical energy into both light and sound energy, allowing us to enjoy our favorite shows, movies, and sports events. Let’s explore how electrical energy is converted into sound energy in televisions.
In televisions, electrical energy is used to generate sound through the vibration of electrical energy across coils. The electrical signals representing the audio content are sent to a speaker system within the television. The speaker system consists of a diaphragm, similar to the one used in loudspeakers and earphones.
When the electrical signals reach the speaker system, they cause the diaphragm to vibrate rapidly. These vibrations generate sound waves that travel through the air and into our ears, allowing us to hear the audio accompanying the visuals on the television screen. The quality of the sound produced by televisions depends on factors such as the design of the speaker system and the overall audio capabilities of the television.
Mixer
Mixers are commonly used in music production and live sound setups to control and blend audio signals. They also convert electrical energy into sound energy, allowing for the manipulation and amplification of audio. Let’s explore how electrical energy is converted into sound energy in mixers.
In mixers, electrical energy is used to power the rotation of blades or knobs. These blades or knobs are responsible for controlling various audio parameters, such as volume, equalization, and effects. When electrical energy is supplied to the mixer, it powers the rotation of these components.
As the blades or knobs rotate, they manipulate the electrical signals representing the audio content. These manipulations result in changes to the sound, such as adjusting the volume or applying equalization. The sound produced by mixers is then sent to other audio devices, such as amplifiers and speakers, for further amplification and reproduction.
Refrigerators
Refrigerators are essential appliances in our homes, keeping our food fresh and preserving perishable items. While primarily known for their cooling capabilities, refrigerators also generate sound due to the flow of electrical energy. Let’s explore how electrical energy is converted into sound energy in refrigerators.
In refrigerators, electrical energy is used to power various components, such as compressors, fans, and motors. These components work together to maintain the desired temperature inside the refrigerator. As electrical energy flows through these components, it can generate vibrations and mechanical movements.
These vibrations and mechanical movements can produce sound waves that we hear as a humming or buzzing noise. The generation of sound in refrigerators is primarily attributed to the thermal expansion and contraction of materials as the temperature inside the refrigerator changes. The sound produced by refrigerators is generally considered normal operation and is not indicative of any malfunction.
Electric Doorbells
Electric doorbells are commonly used in homes and buildings to signal the arrival of visitors. They convert electrical energy into sound energy, allowing us to hear when someone is at the door. Let’s explore how electrical energy is converted into sound energy in electric doorbells.
Electric doorbells consist of a button, a chime, and an electrical circuit. When the button is pressed, it completes the electrical circuit, allowing electrical energy to flow. This electrical energy powersa mechanism that produces mechanical energy, which in turn generates sound.
The mechanism typically involves the use of an electromagnet and a striker. When the electrical circuit is closed, the electromagnet becomes magnetized, attracting the striker towards it. The striker hits the chime, producing a sound wave that we hear as the doorbell ring. Once the button is released, the electrical circuit is broken, and the sound stops.
In conclusion, there are various examples of electrical energy being converted into sound energy in everyday devices. From loudspeakers and earphones to electric bells and refrigerators, these devices rely on the conversion of electrical energy to produce sound waves that we can hear. Understanding the mechanisms behind these conversions helps us appreciate the role of electrical energy in sound production and enhances our overall audio experience.
A radio system is a device that converts electrical energy into sound energy, allowing us to listen to our favorite music, news, and other audio content. It relies on the conversion of electrical energy to sound energy to produce the desired audio output. Let’s explore how this conversion takes place and how radio systems work.
Conversion of Electrical Energy to Sound Energy in Radio Systems
In a radio system, electrical energy is converted into sound energy through a series of processes. It all starts with the generation of electrical signals, which carry the audio information. These signals are then amplified and modulated onto a carrier wave, which is a high-frequency electromagnetic wave.
The modulated carrier wave is then transmitted through the air as radio waves. When these radio waves reach a receiver, such as a radio antenna, they are captured and converted back into electrical signals. These electrical signals are then processed and amplified to drive a speaker, which converts the electrical energy into sound energy.
Tuning of Electrical Signals to Vibrate the Diaphragm for Sound Production
To produce sound in a radio system, the electrical signals need to be tuned and amplified in a way that they can vibrate a diaphragm. The diaphragm is a thin, flexible membrane located inside the speaker. When the electrical signals pass through the speaker, they cause the diaphragm to vibrate back and forth rapidly.
As the diaphragm vibrates, it pushes and pulls the surrounding air molecules, creating compressions and rarefactions. These compressions and rarefactions travel through the air as sound waves, eventually reaching our ears. Our ears detect these sound waves and convert them into electrical signals that our brain interprets as sound.
The electric guitar is another example of how electrical energy can be converted into sound energy. Unlike acoustic guitars, electric guitars rely on electrical circuits and pickups to generate sound from the strings.
Conversion of Electrical Energy to Sound Energy in Electric Guitars
In an electric guitar, the strings are made of metal and are not responsible for producing sound directly. Instead, when the strings are plucked or strummed, they create vibrations. These vibrations are then picked up by electromagnetic pickups, which are essentially coils of wire wrapped around magnets.
When the strings vibrate, they disturb the magnetic field around the pickups, inducing an electrical current in the coils. This electrical current is then sent to an amplifier, where it is amplified and converted into sound energy through a speaker.
Conversion of Electrical Energy to Sound Energy During Lightning
Lightning is a natural phenomenon that also involves the conversion of electrical energy into sound energy. When a lightning bolt occurs, it heats up the surrounding air to extremely high temperatures. This rapid heating causes the air to expand explosively, creating shock waves that travel through the atmosphere.
The shock waves generated by lightning are responsible for the booming sound we hear as thunder. The sound energy is produced by the rapid compression and expansion of air molecules, which creates the characteristic rumble or crackling noise associated with thunderstorms.
In conclusion, electrical energy can be converted into sound energy in various ways, ranging from radio systems and electric guitars to natural phenomena like lightning. Understanding these processes helps us appreciate the intricate relationship between electricity and sound, and how they can be harnessed for our enjoyment and understanding of the world around us. Conclusion
In conclusion, the conversion of electrical energy to sound energy is a fascinating process that plays a crucial role in various aspects of our daily lives. By understanding the principles behind this conversion, we can appreciate the technology and devices that allow us to enjoy the sounds around us. From speakers and headphones to musical instruments and communication systems, the transformation of electrical energy into sound energy enables us to experience and communicate in a rich and vibrant auditory world. Whether it’s the melodic tunes of our favorite songs or the clear and crisp voices during a phone call, electrical energy to sound energy conversion is an essential part of our modern society. As technology continues to advance, we can expect even more innovative ways to harness and utilize this conversion process for our benefit. So, the next time you listen to your favorite song or engage in a conversation, take a moment to appreciate the remarkable journey from electrical energy to sound energy that makes it all possible.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is electrical energy?
Electrical energy refers to the energy carried by electric charges. It is the energy associated with the movement of electrons through a conductor, such as a wire.
2. How is electrical energy converted to sound energy?
Electrical energy can be converted to sound energy through the use of electrical devices such as speakers or headphones. These devices convert electrical signals into sound waves, producing sound energy.
3. Can you provide an example of electrical energy converted to light, sound, and thermal energy?
Certainly! An example of electrical energy converted to light, sound, and thermal energy is a light bulb. When electricity flows through the bulb, it produces light energy, sound energy (in the form of a faint humming sound), and thermal energy (as the bulb heats up).
4. What are some examples of electrical energy converted to sound energy?
Examples of electrical energy converted to sound energy include speakers, musical instruments (such as electric guitars or keyboards), and sirens. These devices use electrical energy to generate sound waves and produce audible sound.
5. Can you provide an example of electrical energy converted to mechanical, wind, and sound energy?
Certainly! An example of electrical energy converted to mechanical, wind, and sound energy is an electric fan. When electricity powers the fan, it converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to rotate the blades, which in turn creates wind energy. The movement of air then produces sound energy.
6. How does energy transfer occur in electrical to sound conversion?
Energy transfer in electrical to sound conversion occurs through the process of energy conversion. Electrical energy is converted into sound energy by electrical circuits or devices, where the electrical signals are transformed into sound waves.
7. How is sound production related to electrical energy?
Sound production is related to electrical energy through the process of energy conversion. Electrical energy is used to generate electrical signals, which are then transformed into sound waves, resulting in sound production.
8. What role do electrical circuits play in sound generation?
Electrical circuits play a crucial role in sound generation. They provide the pathway for electrical energy to flow and are responsible for converting electrical signals into sound waves, enabling the production of sound.
9. How does energy conversion occur in electrical to sound conversion?
Energy conversion in electrical to sound conversion involves the transformation of electrical energy into sound energy. This conversion takes place within electrical devices or circuits, where electrical signals are converted into sound waves, resulting in the generation of sound.
10. How is acoustic energy related to electrical energy?
Acoustic energy is related to electrical energy through the process of energy conversion. Electrical energy is converted into acoustic energy when electrical signals are transformed into sound waves, allowing for the transmission of sound energy.
Chemical energy is a form of potential energy that is stored in the bonds of chemical compounds. It is a fundamental concept in physics and chemistry, and it plays a crucial role in various natural and man-made processes. One of the most common examples of the conversion of chemical energy to kinetic energy is the combustion of fossil fuels. When fossil fuels such as gasoline or diesel are burned, the chemical energy stored in their molecular bonds is released as heat energy. This heat energy is then converted into kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. The kinetic energy can be used to power engines, such as those in cars or airplanes, and propel them forward. This process is the basis for the operation of internal combustion engines, which are widely used in transportation and other industries. Understanding the conversion of chemical energy to kinetic energy is not only important for practical applications but also for gaining insights into the fundamental principles of energy transfer and transformation.
Key Takeaways
Chemical energy can be converted into kinetic energy through various processes.
Examples of chemical energy to kinetic energy conversion include burning fuels, such as gasoline, to power vehicles and using batteries to power electronic devices.
The conversion of chemical energy to kinetic energy is essential for various applications in transportation, industry, and everyday life.
Gasoline in Automobiles
Gasoline is a widely used fuel in automobiles, powering the internal combustion engines that propel vehicles forward. Let’s explore how the chemical energy stored in gasoline is converted into kinetic energy, enabling cars to move.
Description of Gasoline as a Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines
Gasoline, also known as petrol, is a volatile liquid derived from crude oil through refining processes. It is a mixture of hydrocarbons, primarily consisting of compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms. Gasoline is highly flammable and has a high energy density, making it an ideal fuel for internal combustion engines.
In automobiles, gasoline is used as a fuel in spark-ignition engines, where a spark from the spark plug ignites the air-fuel mixture inside the engine cylinders. This combustion process releases energy in the form of heat, which is then converted into mechanical work to power the vehicle.
Gasoline is stored in a fuel tank in the car and is delivered to the engine through a fuel system. The fuel system includes components such as fuel pumps, fuel injectors, and carburetors, which ensure the proper delivery of gasoline to the engine for combustion.
Explanation of How the Chemical Energy in Gasoline is Converted into Kinetic Energy in Automobiles
The conversion of chemical energy stored in gasoline into kinetic energy in automobiles involves a series of energy transformations and chemical reactions. Let’s break down the process step by step:
Fuel Combustion: When gasoline is mixed with air in the engine‘s combustion chamber, it forms a highly combustible mixture. The spark plug then ignites this mixture, causing it to burn rapidly. During combustion, the hydrocarbon molecules in gasoline react with oxygen from the air, releasing a large amount of heat energy.
Expansion of Gases: The rapid combustion of gasoline creates a high-pressure environment inside the engine cylinders. This increase in pressure forcesthe piston to move downward, converting the heat energy into mechanical work. As the piston moves, it turns the crankshaft, which is connected to the car’s wheels through a transmission system.
Transmission of Power: The rotational motion of the crankshaft is transmitted to the wheels of the car through the transmission system. The transmission system includes components such as gears, clutches, and driveshafts, which help regulate the speed and torque of the wheels. As the wheels rotate, they generate kinetic energy, propelling the car forward.
Energy Transfer and Conversion: The kinetic energy generated by the rotating wheels is transferred to the road surface, allowing the car to move. This energy transfer occurs through the interaction between the tires and the road. Additionally, the car’s braking system converts some of the kinetic energy back into other forms, such as heat, during the process of slowing down or stopping the vehicle.
Airbags are a crucial safety feature in modern cars that demonstrate the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy. When a car experiences a sudden impact, such as during a collision, airbags rapidly inflate to protect the occupants from severe injuries. Let’s delve into the fascinating world of airbags and understand how they exemplify the transformation of energy.
Introduction to Airbags as an Example of Chemical Energy to Kinetic Energy
Airbags are designed to mitigate the force exerted on the occupants during a collision. They act as a cushioning barrier between the individuals and the hard surfaces within the vehicle. The deployment of airbags is a result of a well-orchestrated process that involves the conversion of chemical energy stored in a propellant into kinetic energy.
The chemical reaction that powers airbags is initiated by a sensor in the car’s safety system. This sensor detects the sudden deceleration or impact, signaling the need for the airbags to deploy. Once triggered, a series of events unfold rapidly, leading to the release of stored chemical energy and its subsequent conversion into kinetic energy.
Description of the Chemical Reaction in Airbags that Converts Chemical Energy into Kinetic Energy
The chemical reaction that takes place within an airbag module involves the controlled combustion of a solid propellant. This propellant typically consists of a mixture of sodium azide (NaN3) and potassium nitrate (KNO3), along with other additives to enhance performance.
When the sensor detects a collision, it sends an electrical signal to an initiator device, which contains a small amount of electrically sensitive material. This material is usually a lead azide compound. When the electrical current passes through the initiator, it rapidly heats up, causing it to decompose explosively.
The decomposition of the initiator material produces a significant amount of heat and gas. This gas, primarily nitrogen gas (N2), rapidly expands and fills the airbag, causing it to inflate. The rapid inflation of the airbag occurs due to the conversion of the chemical energy stored in the propellant into kinetic energy.
The conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy happens as the expanding gas exerts pressure on the airbag, causing it to rapidly inflate. The kinetic energy generated by the inflation of the airbag helps to absorb and dissipate the energy of the collision, reducing the impact on the occupants.
It is important to note that the chemical reaction in airbags is carefully controlled to ensure a controlled and controlled release of gas. This controlled release prevents the airbag from inflating too quickly or too slowly, thus optimizing its effectiveness in protecting the occupants.
A dry cell is a common example of how chemical energy can be converted into kinetic energy. In this section, we will explore the explanation of how a dry cell accomplishes this conversion and delve into the chemical substances present in a dry cell and their role in the process.
Explanation of How a Dry Cell Converts Chemical Energy into Kinetic Energy
A dry cell is a type of electrochemical cell that converts chemical energy into electrical energy, which can then be used to produce kinetic energy. The conversion process involves a series of chemical reactions that occur within the cell.
Inside a dry cell, there are two electrodes – a positive electrode (cathode) and a negative electrode (anode). These electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte, which is a substance that facilitates the flow of ions between the electrodes.
When a load, such as a light bulb or a motor, is connected to the electrodes, the chemical reactions begin. The electrolyte in the dry cell contains chemicals that undergo oxidation and reduction reactions. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one substance to another.
The chemical substances in the dry cell undergo a series of reactions that result in the production of electrons at the anode. These electrons flow through the external circuit, creating an electric current. This electric current is the kinetic energy that is generated as a result of the chemical reactions within the cell.
Description of the Chemical Substances in a Dry Cell and Their Role in the Conversion Process
Now let’s take a closer look at the chemical substances present in a dry cell and their specific roles in the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy.
Zinc Anode: The anode of a dry cell is typically made of zinc. When the dry cell is in use, the zinc undergoes oxidation, releasing electrons into the external circuit. This oxidation reaction is essential for the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy.
Carbon Cathode: The cathode of a dry cell is usually made of a mixture of carbon and manganese dioxide. The carbon acts as a conductor, allowing the flow of electrons from the anode to the external circuit. It also helps to balance the overall charge within the cell.
Manganese Dioxide: Manganese dioxide is a crucial component of the cathode in a dry cell. It acts as a catalyst, facilitating the oxidation reaction of the zinc anode. This reaction generates electrons, which then flow through the external circuit, producing the kinetic energy.
Ammonium Chloride: The electrolyte in a dry cell is typically a paste made of ammonium chloride. This substance helps to create an environment conducive to the chemical reactions occurring within the cell. It allows the flow of ions between the electrodes, enabling the transfer of electrons and the generation of kinetic energy.
Explosion of Dynamites
Introduction to Dynamites as an Example of Chemical Energy to Kinetic Energy
Dynamites are powerful explosives that have played a significant role in various industries, including mining, construction, and demolition. These explosive devices are a prime example of how chemical energy can be converted into kinetic energy. The controlled explosion of dynamites releases an immense amount of energy, which is harnessed to perform various tasks.
Dynamites consist of a mixture of chemicals, including nitroglycerin, a highly explosive compound. When the dynamite is ignited, a chemical reaction occurs, resulting in the rapid decomposition of the nitroglycerin. This decomposition releases a tremendous amount of energy in the form of heat and gases, leading to an explosive reaction.
Explanation of How the Explosion of Dynamites Converts Chemical Energy into Kinetic Energy
The explosion of dynamites involves a complex series of chemical reactions that transform the stored chemical energy into kinetic energy. Let’s break down the process step by step:
Ignition: The explosion is initiated by a spark or flame that ignites the fuse of the dynamite. This ignition provides the activation energy required to start the chemical reaction.
Chemical Reaction: Once ignited, the fuse burns rapidly, reaching the dynamite’s core. The heat generated by the burning fuse triggers the decomposition of the nitroglycerin. This decomposition reaction releases a large amount of energy in the form of heat and gases.
Rapid Expansion: As the nitroglycerin decomposes, it produces an intense release of gases, such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The sudden expansion of these gases creates a shockwave, leading to a rapid increase in pressure within the surrounding environment.
Kinetic Energy Release: The high-pressure gases exerted by the explosion push against the surrounding materials, causing them to move rapidly. This movement is the manifestation of the converted chemical energy into kinetic energy. The released kinetic energy can be harnessed to perform various tasks, such as breaking rocks in mining operations or demolishing structures.
It is important to note that the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy during the explosion of dynamites is highly efficient. The energy released during the explosion is significantly greater than the energy required to initiate the reaction. This efficiency makes dynamites a valuable tool in industries where controlled explosions are necessary.
Fire Crackers
Firecrackers are a popular form of entertainment, especially during festive occasions such as New Year’s Eve and Independence Day. These explosive devices are a classic example of the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy. Let’s take a closer look at how firecrackers work and the role of chemical substances in this energy transformation process.
Description of Firecrackers as an Example of Chemical Energy to Kinetic Energy
Firecrackers are small explosive devices that produce a loud noise and vibrant visual effects when ignited. They consist of a tightly packed casing, usually made of paper or cardboard, filled with a combination of chemical substances. When the firecracker is lit, a chemical reaction takes place, resulting in the release of energy in the form of heat, light, sound, and kinetic energy.
The conversion of chemical energy to kinetic energy in firecrackers involves a series of rapid chemical reactions. These reactions occur within the explosive mixture, causing it to rapidly expand and release energy. This energy is then transformed into various forms, creating the explosive and visually stunning effects we associate with firecrackers.
Explanation of the Chemical Substances in Firecrackers and Their Role in the Conversion Process
Firecrackers contain several key chemical substances that play crucial roles in the energy conversion process. These substances include:
Black Powder: Also known as gunpowder, black powder is a mixture of sulfur, charcoal, and potassium nitrate (saltpeter). It is the main explosive component in firecrackers. When ignited, the sulfur and charcoal act as fuels, while the potassium nitrate provides the necessary oxygen for combustion. The combustion of black powder releases a large amount of energy in the form of heat and gas, resulting in the expansion of the firecracker casing.
Metallic Compounds: Firecrackers often incorporate metallic compounds to produce colorful visual effects. These compounds are typically in the form of metal salts, such as copper salts for green color, strontium salts for red color, and barium salts for blue color. When the firecracker explodes, the intense heat causes these metallic compounds to undergo a process called pyrotechnic oxidation, resulting in the emission of vibrant colored light.
Binders and Stabilizers: To ensure the stability and proper functioning of firecrackers, binders and stabilizers are added to the explosive mixture. Binders, such as dextrin or gum arabic, help hold the components together, while stabilizers, such as sodium bicarbonate, prevent premature ignition or degradation of the explosive material.
By carefully selecting and combining these chemical substances, firecracker manufacturers can control the intensity, duration, and visual effects of the explosion. The chemical reactions that occur within the firecracker casing convert the stored chemical energy into kinetic energy, resulting in the explosive and visually captivating display we observe.
Steam engines have played a significant role in the development of marine transportation. These engines are a prime example of how chemical energy can be converted into kinetic energy to power the movement of boats and ships. In this section, we will explore the fascinating world of steam engines and how they harness the energy stored in fuel to propel marine vessels.
Introduction to Steam Engines as an Example of Chemical Energy to Kinetic Energy
Steam engines have a rich history and have been used for centuries to power various types of machinery, including boats. These engines rely on the conversion of chemical energy, typically derived from the combustion of fossil fuels, into kinetic energy.
The principle behind a steam engine is relatively simple. It involves the utilization of heat energy to convert water into steam, which in turn drives a piston or turbine, generating mechanical work. This mechanical work is then harnessed to propel the boat forward.
Description of the Combustion Process in Steam Engines and How it Converts Chemical Energy into Kinetic Energy
The combustion process is a crucial step in the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy in steam engines. It involves the controlled burning of a fuel source, such as coal, oil, or natural gas, to release heat energy. This heat energy is then used to convert water into steam.
To initiate the combustion process, the fuel is ignited, producing a flame. The heat from the flame is transferred to a boiler, where water is heated to its boiling point. As the water boils, it transforms into steam, which is then directed into a chamber containing a piston or a turbine.
When the steam enters the chamber, it exerts pressure on the piston or turbine blades, causing them to move. This movement is the result of the conversion of the steam‘s thermal energy into mechanical energy. The piston or turbine is connected to a crankshaft, which converts the linear motion into rotational motion.
The rotational motion generated by the crankshaft is then transmitted to the propeller shaft of the boat, which turns the propeller. As the propeller rotates, it creates a thrust force that propels the boat forward through the water. This thrust force is the manifestation of the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy.
Explanation of How Burning Charcoal in Trains Converts Chemical Energy into Kinetic Energy
When we think of trains, we often imagine powerful engines chugging along the tracks, transporting people and goods from one place to another. But have you ever wondered how these massive machines are able to move with such force and speed? The answer lies in the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy.
In the case of trains, burning charcoal is one example of how chemical energy can be harnessed and transformed into kinetic energy. Charcoal, which is made from carbon-rich materials like wood, is a potent source of chemical energy. When it is burned, a chemical reaction occurs, releasing energy in the form of heat and light.
This chemical reaction involves the combustion of charcoal, where carbon reacts with oxygen in the air to produce carbon dioxide and release energy. The energy released during this process is what powers the train and allows it to move.
Description of the Combustion Process and Its Role in the Conversion Process
The combustion process is a crucial step in the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy. It involves the rapid oxidation of a fuel, in this case, charcoal, in the presence of oxygen. This oxidation reaction releases energy in the form of heat and light, which can be harnessed to perform useful work.
When charcoal is burned in a train’s engine, it undergoes combustion. The heat generated from the combustion process causes the water in the boiler to turn into steam. This steam then expands and exerts pressure on the pistons, which are connected to the wheels of the train. As the pistons move back and forth, they transfer the energy from the steam to the wheels, propelling the train forward.
The combustion of charcoal in trains is a prime example of how chemical energy can be converted into kinetic energy. The energy stored in the bonds of the carbon molecules in the charcoal is released during the combustion process and transformed into the mechanical energy that powers the train’s movement.
Helium balloons are a classic example of how chemical energy can be converted into kinetic energy. When we think of helium balloons, we often associate them with celebrations, parties, and a sense of joy. But have you ever wondered how these colorful balloons float effortlessly in the air? The answer lies in the fascinating energy transformation that takes place within them.
Introduction to Helium Balloons as an Example of Chemical Energy to Kinetic Energy
Helium balloons rely on the conversion of chemical energy stored in the helium gas into kinetic energy, allowing them to float in the air. This process involves a series of fascinating reactions and energy transfers that make it possible for the balloons to defy gravity.
Explanation of How the Release of Helium Gas Converts Chemical Energy into Kinetic Energy in Balloons
When we inflate a helium balloon, we are essentially filling it with helium gas. Helium is a lighter-than-air gas, which means it has a lower density than the surrounding air. As a result, the helium gas inside the balloon creates an upward force, known as buoyancy, that counteracts the force of gravity pulling the balloon down.
The conversion of chemical energy to kinetic energy begins when we release the helium gas from the balloon. As the gas escapes, it moves from an area of high pressure (inside the balloon) to an area of low pressure (the surrounding air). This movement of gas particles creates a force that propels the balloon in the opposite direction, causing it to move upwards.
To better understand this process, let’s break it down into a few key steps:
Chemical Energy Stored in Helium: Helium gas is stored under pressure in a compressed form. This compression stores potential energy in the gas, which is a form of chemical energy.
Release of Helium Gas: When we untie the balloon or puncture it, the helium gas is released. As the gas escapes, it expands rapidly, converting the potential energy stored in the gas into kinetic energy.
Force of Buoyancy: The release of the helium gas creates an upward force called buoyancy. This force is a result of the difference in density between the helium gas and the surrounding air. The lighter helium gas rises, carrying the balloon with it.
Kinetic Energy and Balloon Movement: As the helium gas escapes, it propels the balloon in the opposite direction. This propulsion is a result of the gas particles moving from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. The kinetic energy of the gas is transferred to the balloon, causing it to move upwards.
So, the next time you see a helium balloon gracefully floating in the sky, take a moment to appreciate the intricate energy conversion that makes it possible. It’s a reminder of the wonders of science and the hidden forces that shape our world.
Water Turbines
Water turbines are a prime example of how chemical energy can be converted into kinetic energy. These devices harness the power of falling water to generate electricity, making them an essential component of hydroelectric power plants. Let’s delve into the description of water turbines and explore how they convert the force of falling water into kinetic energy.
Description of Water Turbines as an Example of Chemical Energy to Kinetic Energy
Water turbines are mechanical devices that utilize the energy of flowing or falling water to produce rotational motion. They consist of various components, including blades or buckets, a rotor, and a generator. The blades or buckets are strategically designed to capture the energy from the moving water and convert it into rotational motion.
Water turbines come in different types, each suited for specific conditions and water flow rates. Some common types include Pelton turbines, Francis turbines, and Kaplan turbines. These turbines are widely used in hydroelectric power plants, where they play a crucial role in generating clean and renewable energy.
Explanation of How the Force of Falling Water Converts Chemical Energy into Kinetic Energy in Water Turbines
The force of falling water in water turbines is responsible for the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy. This process involves several steps that efficiently harness the potential energy stored in the water and transform it into useful kinetic energy.
Water Intake:The first step in the process is the intake of water from a reservoir or a natural water source. This water possesses potential energy due to its elevation above the turbine.
Water Flow:The water is then directed towards the turbine, where it flows through pipes or channels. The force of gravity causes the water to fall or flow, gaining kinetic energy as it descends.
Blade Interaction: As the water reaches the turbine, it encounters the blades or buckets. These specially designed components are positioned in such a way that the flowing water strikes them at an angle. This interaction causes a change in the direction and velocity of the water.
Rotational Motion:The impact of the water on the blades creates a force that causes the turbine rotor to rotate. The rotor is connected to a generator, which converts the rotational motion into electrical energy.
Electricity Generation:The generator within the turbine converts the mechanical energy of the rotating rotor into electrical energy. This electricity can then be transmitted to power grids for various applications, such as lighting homes, running appliances, or powering industries.
By harnessing the force of falling water, water turbines effectively convert the potential energy of water into kinetic energy, which is then transformed into electrical energy. This process exemplifies the conversion of chemical energy, stored in the water’s potential energy, into kinetic energy, which can be utilized for various purposes.
Drone Batteries
Drones have become increasingly popular in recent years, with their ability to fly and capture stunning aerial footage. One crucial component that powers these unmanned aerial vehicles is the drone battery. In this section, we will explore how drone batteries exemplify the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy.
Introduction to Drone Batteries as an Example of Chemical Energy to Kinetic Energy
Drone batteries serve as a prime example of how chemical energy can be transformed into kinetic energy. Chemical energy is a form of potential energy that is stored within the chemical bonds of a substance. When these bonds are broken, the stored energy is released and can be converted into other forms, such as kinetic energy.
Explanation of How the Chemical Energy Stored in Batteries Powers the Propellers of Drones, Converting it into Kinetic Energy
Drone batteries consist of multiple cells that contain chemical compounds capable of storing and releasing energy. These compounds undergo chemical reactions, allowing the battery to convert chemical energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy is then used to power the propellers of the drone, ultimately transforming it into kinetic energy.
To better understand this process, let’s take a closer look at the components and mechanisms involved in the energy transformation:
Battery Cells: Drone batteries typically consist of lithium-ion cells. These cells contain a positive electrode (cathode), a negative electrode (anode), and an electrolyte solution. The cathode and anode are separated by a porous membrane to prevent direct contact.
Chemical Reactions: When the battery is charged, lithium ions from the cathode move through the electrolyte and are stored in the anode. This process involves a chemical reaction that stores energy within the battery.
Energy Transfer: When the drone is in use, the stored energy is released as electrical energy. The lithium ions move back to the cathode through the electrolyte, creating an electric current. This electrical energy is then transferred to the drone’s motor and propellers.
Energy Conversion: The electrical energy from the battery is converted into kinetic energy as the propellers spin rapidly. This kinetic energy enables the drone to take flight and perform various maneuvers.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. Can chemical energy be converted into kinetic energy?
Yes, chemical energy can be converted into kinetic energy through various energy transformations.
2. What is an example of chemical energy changing into kinetic energy?
An example of chemical energy changing into kinetic energy is the combustion of gasoline in an engine, where the chemical energy stored in the fuel is converted into the kinetic energy of the moving car.
3. Can you provide five examples of chemical energy being converted into kinetic energy?
Certainly! Here are five examples of chemical energy being converted into kinetic energy:
– The explosion of fireworks, where the chemical energy in the fireworks is transformed into the kinetic energy of the colorful sparks and explosions.
– The reaction between baking soda and vinegar, where the chemical energy is converted into the kinetic energy of the expanding gas bubbles.
– The combustion of wood in a fire, where the chemical energy in the wood is transformed into the kinetic energy of heat and light.
– The reaction between a battery and a motor, where the chemical energy in the battery is converted into the kinetic energy of the motor’s movement.
– The metabolism of food in our bodies, where the chemical energy in the food is transformed into the kinetic energy of our muscles and body movements.
4. What are some examples of chemical energy?
Examples of chemical energy include:
– The energy stored in the bonds of molecules, such as the chemical energy in fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.
– The energy stored in food, such as carbohydrates and fats, which is released during digestion and used by our bodies for various activities.
– The energy stored in batteries, which is released through chemical reactions to power electronic devices.
5. What are some examples of kinetic energy?
Examples of kinetic energy include:
– The movement of a car, where the kinetic energy is associated with its motion.
– The flight of a bird, where the kinetic energy is related to its movement through the air.
– The swinging of a pendulum, where the kinetic energy is associated with its back-and-forth motion.
– The running of a person, where the kinetic energy is related to their movement.
– The flow of water in a river, where the kinetic energy is associated with the moving water.
6. What is energy conversion?
Energy conversion refers to the process of changing one form of energy into another form. For example, the conversion of chemical energy into kinetic energy during a chemical reaction.
7. What is energy transfer?
Energy transfer refers to the movement of energy from one object or system to another, without any change in the form of energy. For example, the transfer of heat energy from a hot object to a cold object.
8. What are some common energy sources?
Common energy sources include: – Fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. – Renewable sources like solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower. – Nuclear energy from nuclear reactions. – Biomass energy from organic materials like wood and agricultural waste.
9. What are the different forms of energy?
There are various forms of energy, including: – Kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion. – Potential energy, which is the energy stored in an object due to its position or condition. – Thermal energy, which is the energy associated with the temperature of an object. – Chemical energy, which is the energy stored in the bonds of molecules. – Electrical energy, which is the energy associated with the flow of electric charges. – Light energy, which is the energy associated with electromagnetic radiation. – Nuclear energy, which is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom. – Sound energy, which is the energy associated with the vibrations of particles in a medium.
10. What are some examples of chemical reactions?
Examples of chemical reactions include:
– The rusting of iron, where iron reacts with oxygen in the presence of moisture to form iron oxide.
– The burning of wood, where wood reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat.
– The digestion of food in our bodies, where complex molecules are broken down into simpler substances through chemical reactions.
– The formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen gases, where the two elements react to produce water molecules.
Detailed Explanation On example of light to mechanical energy
We know that light consists of packets of energy particles called as photons. When such light energy particles are strikes with medium they are converted into useful energy. Since mechanical can be divided into various forms, using those a brief explanation of examples of light to mechanical energy is discussed.
Example of light to mechanical energy
Sun light striking the earth
Sun is main source of light energy. When the sun light falls on the earth, it can be used to do many works on the earth. The sunlight is now converted into useful mechanical energy when it strikes the earth.
Solar water heater
One of the house hold example of light to mechanical energy is solar water heater which is designed to boil the water using the solar panels. When the sunlight falls on the panel, the panel absorbs the radiation and the water in the tank connected to the circular pump gets heated. In this process light is converted into heat. Heat considered as the form of kinetic energy, thus light is successfully converted into mechanical energy in solar water heater.
Solar cells are works similar to the solar water heater, but the difference is solar cells converts light into electrical charges which can be then used for many useful purposes. The electrical charges has both potential energy and kinetic energy, thus the converted light energy in solar cell is regarded as mechanical energy. Hence solar cell sets a good example of light to mechanical energy conversion.
Lightning
During rain we see the lightning in the sky produced due to collision of clouds. The light during lightning is converted into electrical charges on the sky. Hence the lightning is the natural phenomena of conversion of light into electrical charges. Thus lightning is the one of the best example of light to mechanical energy conversion.
When you switch on the torch, it gives light. Here the stored charges in the torch are converted into light energy. When you turn off the torch, the light pulses are converted into charges possessing potential energy. Thus while turning off the torch, the light energy is converted into mechanical energy.
Microwave oven
A household appliance that set a good example of light to mechanical energy conversion is microwave oven. The microwave oven uses the irradiation of light of the microwave region for the baking purpose. As the microwave radiation strikes the food kept inside the oven, the light is converted into heat thus the food gets baked. Since heat is a form of kinetic energy, hence in microwave oven light is converted into mechanical energy.
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process of absorbing the sunlight by the green plants are converted into nutrients i.e., chemical energy. When the plant absorbs the sunlight, the carbon dioxide and the water reacts to form sugar or glucose stored in the leaves or root of the plants. During the process the water molecule splits into hydrogen and oxygen and the oxygen gets released to atmosphere. Since photosynthesis is possible only in presence of sunlight, thus it can be treated as example of light to mechanical energy.
Lasers used for cutting the metal pieces are the example of light to mechanical energy as high intensity laser beam are used as the cutting tool in the process. When the laser beam of high intensity is made to strike the metal, the metal broke into pieces. In this case, the laser is a form of light energy which breaks the metal by converting itself into mechanical energy.
TV screen while turning off
The television screen turned off, conversion of light to electrical charges is example of light to mechanical energy. When the TV screen is turned off, the pictures on the TV screen is vanishes, this is due to light energy is responsible for the pictures on the screen. As the TV is turned off, the light is converted into electrical pulses which are then converted into stationary charges possessing potential energy.
Human body absorbing sunlight
For human body, vitamin D is very essential for proper growth. The sunlight are rich in vitamin D, which is absorbed by the human body are converted into chemical energy which are essential for the body for mechanical process. Thus sunlight absorbed by the human body is example for light to mechanical energy.
The above example of light to mechanical energy are uses the principle of indirect way of conversion of light energy to mechanical energy. There is some example of light to mechanical energy conversion in which light is directly converted into mechanical energy. Some of such examples are listed below.
Optical tweezers
A recent invention which won Nobel Prize in 2018 is optical tweezers. The optical tweezers are example of light to mechanical energy conversion in direct manner. Optical tweezers consists of lasers which generates the photons. These photons are manipulated by pushing the microscopic object causing the motion of the object in non-contact way. Using only laser beam, the particles are able to move in optical tweezers.
Laser motor
Laser motors are the best example of light to mechanical energy conversion. A laser motor consists of two sets of lasers for irradiation. The irradiated laser pulses run the motor by converting light energy into kinetic energy. Since kinetic energy is a type of mechanical energy. Thus light energy is converted into useful mechanical energy.
Light mill
Light mill is also called as Crooker Radiometer, converts light energy into mechanical energy using the principle of differential heating effect. It consists of an airtight glass bulb which is partially vacuum, used to reflect the garden light. They are also fitted with pair of vanes which are rotated when exposed to light thus produces the electromagnetic radiation of high intensity as the rotation becomes faster.
Roller coaster as an example of mechanical to thermal energy
Liquification of solids
Grinding
Burning of coal
Heating of iron
Heat pump
Coat hanger wire as an example of mechanical to thermal energy
Refrigerators
Example of mechanical energy to heat energy
Heat energy is nothing but thermal energy. The mechanical energy is transferred into heat by both direct and indirect methods. Some example of mechanical to thermal energy is discussed below.
Example of mechanical to thermal energy
Rubbing the hand
You often rub your hand to get warmth. The rubbing of the hand produces heat due to friction. Rubbing is regarded as mechanical energy. As you rub the hand, the mechanical energy is converted into thermal energy.
Disc brakes in automobiles
Have you ever observed that disk brakes in your automobiles will be heated up while driving at high speed? Then what is the reason behind the heating up of disk brakes?
Initially, you are driving at a certain speed; as the speed keeps on increasing, the mechanical energy is converted into heat. With rash driving, the friction in the brake system increases, producing heat. As the moving body possesses kinetic energy, which is nothing but mechanical energy, the disc brake is an example of mechanical to thermal energy.
An air conditioner pneumatic is a device that converts stored potential energy into pressurized air, setting temperatures as low or high. In the working process of the air compressor, hot air is produced due to the conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy.
The air conditioner consists of an air compressor fitted with an inlet and outlet valve. When you turn on the air conditioner, the stored charges possessing potential energy get converted into thermal energy. The heat generated during the air compression can be monitored by setting the temperature accordingly.
Superchargers
Superchargers, also known as mechanical chargers, are pre-compressors fitted with an engine. Superchargers consist of a rotor that blows up the air at high speed. The intake air is thus compressed to generate high power. During the process, heat is produced inside the chamber, which enables the engine’s high efficiency. Thus mechanical energy is converted into thermal energy in the superchargers.
Roller coaster as an example of mechanical to thermal energy
We all are enjoyed the ride on the roller coaster, which is the best example of mechanical to thermal energy conversion due to friction. The total mechanical energy experienced by the roller coaster is due to both the potential and kinetic energy of the car of the coaster.
As the car of the roller coaster begins to move, its potential energy gets converted into kinetic energy; during the process, some amount of heat is generated between the track and car due to frictional force. The generation of heat is due to the conversion of mechanical energy. Thus riding on the roller coaster is an example of mechanical to thermal energy.
Liquification of solids
Liquification is a process of converting solid material into liquid under the exertion of high pressure. The high explosives are used to provide the required amount of pressure of the Liquification.
The process involves the application of mechanical force to exert pressure on the solid material. The mechanical force transforms the solid into liquid at high pressure. During the process, heat is produced due to mechanical force, which plays a vital role in melting the solid. Thus in the Liquification of solid involves the partial conversion of mechanical energy into thermal energy.
Grinding
The grinding process involves the rotation of the sharp blade to grind the things. In the process, electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy. But it can be an example of mechanical to thermal energy.
When the blade rotates, the electrical energy is completely converted into mechanical energy. As the rotation speed increases due to friction, heat is produced. In the grinding in the mixer, you have observed that the jar is quietly hot after the grinding. So in grinding, the mechanical energy is converted into thermal energy partially.
Burning of coal
When the coal is burnt, the chemical potential energy stored in the coal is converted into many forms of energy such as thermal energy, light energy, and sound energy. Only thermal energy is essential for a further helpful purpose.
When the coal is passed through the stream towards the turbine, the potential energy stored in the coal is transformed into thermal energy as it burns. This thermal energy is again converted into mechanical energy inside the turbine to give electric energy.
One of the essential parts of thermodynamics is the heat engine, designed to convert mechanical to heat and vice versa.
A heat pump is a closed system that compresses the fluid, and hence the temperature of the system is increased. The heat produced in the pump is transformed to the surrounding environment of low temperature. Thus heat pumps are the best example of mechanical to thermal energy.
Coat hanger wire as an example of mechanical to thermal energy
The mechanical energy is converted into heat when the coat hanger wires are bent with the pliers back and forth. The tip of the wire is heated with a small amount due to the friction. Thus bending the coat hanger wire with pliers converts mechanical to thermal energy.
Refrigerators
Refrigerators are also closed system devices that work on the principle of air compression. Conversion of mechanical to thermal energy is responsible for the action of refrigerator to preserve the food.
The fridge converts the electrical energy is into mechanical energy when it is turned on. The refrigerant converts the mechanical energy into heat energy at the air compressor portion. The heat produced is transferred to the sink by keeping the refrigerator cool. Thus refrigerator is an example of mechanical to thermal energy conversion.
The drag is a force associated with the object in motion in a fluid environment. Drag force is specified by a dimensionless entity called drag coefficient, which helps describe the nature of the motion in the fluid.
Drag coefficient CD is always defined using the terms such as density of the fluid, reference area of cross-section of the object, velocity, and the Reynolds number; thus, the relation between the drag coefficient and velocity can be written using the equation.
CD=2FD/v2Aρ
Where FD is the drag force, ρ is the mass density of the fluid; A is the reference area, and v is the relative velocity of the object in the fluid.
From the above expression, the relation between the drag coefficient CD and relative velocity v is given as
CD∝ 1/v2
The above expression means that a square increase in velocity decreases the drag coefficient. Thus drag coefficient and velocity are inversely related to each other.
Illustration of Drag coefficient and velocity
Drag force and velocity relationship
The drag force always retards the flow of the object in the fluid. As the velocity increases, the drag force associated with it changes proportionally. The drag force acting on the object in a fluid is given by
FD=1/2 CDv2Aρ
From the above equation, in fluid mechanics, the relation between drag and velocity is explained by considering the object’s speed as low and high speed. The drag force varies differently for low and high speeds.
For low-speed flow, the drag force is proportional to the velocity given by
FD∝ v
For high-speed flow, the drag force is proportional to the square of the velocity given as
FD∝ v2
How does velocity affect drag?
The dependency of the drag on the square of the velocity is quite natural in the fluid dynamics, as the velocity shows some deviation in the drag when it changes.
The object floating in the fluid is associated with doubling velocity –this means as the velocity is increased to its square value, the drag increases by quadruple. The quadruple increase in the drag is due to other entities associated with the drag. The effect of velocity on drag is given by
D∝ v2
Thus we can write the above proportionality as
D=constant×v2
The constant in the above expression is regarded with the density, area, and drag coefficient associated with the drag.
Thus as the relative velocity increases to its square value, the drag increases by four times.
Drag force and angular velocity
Angular velocity is always associated with the rotating motion of the object. In order to describe drag force with the angular velocity, we have to consider linear drag expression; it is given below:
When an object falls freely from the fluid, the maximum velocity acquired by the object is called terminal velocity.
Consider an example of a skydiver; when he dives, he falls under the influence of gravity. There are two forces are acting on the diver, one is force of gravity, and another one is drag force. However, as the velocity of the diver increases, the magnitude of the drag force is also increased until it becomes equal to the magnitude of gravitational force.
As the magnitude of drag and gravitational force becomes equal, the net force acting on the diver is nullified, making the acceleration also zero. At this instance, the diver has attained the constant velocity called terminal velocity.
Relationship between drag force and terminal velocity
In the previous section, we have discussed the relation between the drag coefficient and velocity and drag force and angular velocity. Similarly the relation between the drag force and the terminal velocity can be given by considering the falling object.
Drag force and terminal velocity relationship
As we know, when the object attains the terminal velocity, it experiences two forces, drag and gravitational force. The gravitational force can be given by as weight of the object. So the net force is given by
Fnet=W-FD, where W=mg
As the object attains terminal speed, the net force Fnet=ma=0
Thus FD=W=mg
Substituting the above equation we get
FD=1/2 CD VT2 Aρ
mg=1/2 CD VT2 Aρ
Rearranging the terms, we get terminal velocity as
vT2=2mg/CDAρ
vT=√2mg/CDAρ
What is drag force?
There is always a force of hindrance acting on the moving object, which offers resistance to the motion.
Drag force is exerted on the moving object in the fluid (liquid or gas). It can be defined as the force acting on the solid object moving in a fluid exerted opposite to the relative motion of the fluid.
Solved Problems On Drag force, Drag coefficient and Velocity
The drag force acting on a body is 235N, the density is given as 1.11kg/m3, and the cross-sectional area of the body is 2.33m2. The body’s drag coefficient is calculated as 0.14 hence calculating the body’s velocity.
Solution:
The drag force FD=235N
Density ρ=1.11kg/m3.
Cross-sectional are A=2.33m2
Drag coefficient CD=0.14
The velocity of the body
v=√2FD/CD Aρ
v= √2(235)/(0.14) * 1.11 Aρ
v=36.02m/s.
Calculate the drag force of an object rotating in a circular path of radius 3m in the air with a speed of 12m/s. The area of cross-section is 3.4m2, and the drag coefficient is 0.55.
A diver of mass 79kg is diving from the parachute. The drag coefficient of the diver is given as 0.73, and the area of the cross-section is considered as 0.17m2. Calculate the terminal velocity of the diver.
Solution:
Given –mass of the diver m=79kg
Drag coefficient CD=0.73
Area of cross-section A=0.17m2
From the above data, the terminal velocity can be given as
