Br2 Lewis Structure,Characteristics:13 Must To Know Facts

In this article we will discuss about Dibromine,Br₂ its lewis structure, properties and other facts.

Dibromine, Br₂ consists of two bromine atoms joined through a single bond. Bromine is one of the lightest element in halogen family. Dibromine is a reddish brown liquid with a pungent smell which is very toxic for inhalation.

  How to draw Br₂ lewis structures ?

Lewis structure of a molecule is mainly drawn to understand how the bond formation takes place when two atoms or more got united. The lewis structure of a compound  is drawn by considering only the valence electrons present in the outermost shell. It uses dots and lines to depict electrons and bonds respectively.

So the structures drawn by this concept are called lewis dot structures.

Lewis dot structures can be drawn for both covalently bonded and ionic bonded compounds. Dibromine,Br₂ is chemical compound with two bromine atoms combined together. Let’s see how to draw the lewis structure of Br2.

• Calculate the total number of valence electrons. Bromine is a group 7 element having seven electrons in its valence shell. Since dibromine has two bromine atoms the total number of valence electrons present in Br₂ is 7×2 = 14 electrons.
• In this step we draw the symbols for two bromine atoms surrounding with their seven valence electrons.

• In the next step the two bromine atoms shares their one electron each other to form a single bond. Now both the bromine atoms are combined together and they attained stability by satisfying octet rule.

Br₂ resonance

Resonance can be defined as the movement or the delocalistion of electrons present in an atom of any compound. Resonance can only seen in compounds with double bonds and the electrons involved with these bonds are easy to move across the bonds.

While drawing the resonance structure the actual properties like the number of electrons present around the atom shouldn’t change. Even though there is double bond in dibromine it is not allowed to move across, because if they do so the molecular structure  not exist. So there is no resonance structure for dibromine.

Br₂  Shape

Dibromine is a linear shaped molecule with one bromine – bromine sigma bonds. Br₂  is symmetrical in its structure.

Br₂ Formal charge

Formal charge is a charge assigned to an atom when it is get combined with other atoms to form a stable compound. The formal charge assigned to an atom can be easily found out by the below equation

Formal charge of an atom = ( Valence electrons – No. of lone pairs – No. of bonds formed)

Valence electrons present in bromine is 7. In which 6 were lone pairs and one electron is shared to make bond with another bromine atom

Formal charge of  bromine is = 7-6-1

                                                = 0

So the formal charge of bromine in Dibromine, Br₂ is 0.

Br₂ Bond angle

Bond angle is the angle made between three atoms when they combine together to form a stable compound. Dibromine is a linear or symmetrical molecule with one Br- Br sigma bonds. The bond angle made by a linear molecule is 180⁰. So the bond angle of Br₂ is 180⁰.

 Br₂ Octet rule

According to octet rule, when atoms combine together to form compounds they are found to be more stable when their outermost shell are filled with eight electrons. Atoms lose or gain electrons to obey the octet rule. In the case of dibromine there is two bromine atoms.

Each bromine has seven electrons in its valence shell. It need one more electron to attain stability. When these two atoms combines together both of them shares their electrons to each other. Hence their valence shell is filled with eight electrons and they are stable now. Since both of the bromine atom has eight electrons in its valence shell Dibromine obeys octet rule.

Br₂ Lone pair of electrons

Lone pair of electron or non bonding electrons are the electrons present in the valence shell of an atom which doesn’t took participation in bond formation. Since they doesn’t form bonds they can be called as non bonding electrons.

The lone pair of electrons in one bromine is 3. So the total number of lone pair of electrons present in two bromine atoms of dibromine 6.

Br₂ valence electrons

The electrons present in the valence shell or the outermost shell of an atom is called as its valence electrons.

Total number of valence electrons present in dibromine is 14.

Br₂ Hybridisation

According to the concept of hybridisation, the atomic orbitals with slightly different energies unites together to form atomic orbitals with same energy and shape. The new orbitals formed are stable and named as hybrid orbitals. The  number of hybrid orbitals is equal to that of the orbitals got united.

There is different types of hybridisation called

1. sp³
2. sp²
3. sp
4. sp³d
5. sp³d²
6. sp³d³

Hybridisation of a molecule can be found through a formula, which is

Hybridisation of a molecule = No. of sigma bonds + No. of lone pairs

 If the count is 4 then sp³ hybridisation ,3 then sp² and if 2 then sp.

In dibromine there is one sigma bond and three lone pair of electrons.

Hybridisation of Br₂ = 1+3  = 4

 So the hybridisation in dibromine is sp³. Its structure is linear.

Br₂ Solubility

Solubility can be defined as the ability of a substance or solute to get dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. The most commonly used solvents in field of chemistry is water, ethanol, acetone, ether, benzene, chloroform  etc.

 Dibromine is slightly soluble in water because it is not a polar molecule like water. But dibromine is found to be soluble in most of the organic solvents like benzene, gasoline, chloroform, ether, methanol, ethanol, carbon disulphide, carbon tetra chloride,CCl₄.

 Is Br₂  Ionic or not ?

A covalent bond is formed by the sharing of electrons between the combining atoms but ionic bond formation takes place through the electrostatic force of attraction between a positive and negative ion. The positive and negative ions are cation and anion respectively.

Dibromine is formed by the mutual sharing electrons between two bromine atoms. So Br₂ is a covalent compound not an ionic compound.

Is Br₂ Polar or not ?

There are only two bromine atoms are attached together through a single bond in dibromine. So it is non polar in nature.

Is Br₂ Acidic or Basic ?

Dibromine is a lewis acid.  A lewis acid is a substance which can accepts electrons.

Summary

Dibromine is a chemical compound which exists as liquid and gas in room temperature. This article summarise the following key points

1. Dibromine is a covalent compound with non polar character.
2. Dibromine shows acidic behaviour.
3. Br₂ follows sp³ hybridisation.
4. It is soluble in organic solvents and sparingly soluble in water.
5. Its lewis structure drawing pattern.

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