Hello everyone I am Arti D. Gokhale. My master's with a specialization in Organic Chemistry and I graduated with Chemistry, Biology, and Zoology. I have 3 years of work experience in water analysis at the National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur.
Nitric acid is a chemical compound represented by the formula HNO3. Calcium is an alkaline earth metal. Let us discuss various facts related to the reaction of HNO3 + Ca.
Nitric acid is also known as the spirit of niter. Nitric acid is a colorless liquid with a molar mass of 63.012gmol-1. HNO3 melts at -420C and its boiling point is found at 830C. HNO3 is soluble in water. Calcium is a chemical element with atomic number 20.Ca when exposed to air form a dark oxide-nitride layer.
We will talk about various aspects related to the HNO3 + Ca reaction, such as conjugate pair, and type of reaction in this article.
What is the product of HNO3 and Ca
The product of the reaction between HNO3 + Ca is calcium nitrate(Ca(NO3)2) and hydrogen gas(H2) is evolved.
HNO3 +Ca ⟶ Ca(NO3)2 + H2↑
What type of reaction is HNO3 + Ca
The reaction between HNO3 + Ca is a substitution reaction where hydrogen in nitric acid is substituted by calcium to form calcium nitrate.
How to balance HNO3 + Ca
The reaction between HNO3 + Ca is balanced using mentioned steps.
If the number of atoms on the reactant and product side is equal then only it is a balanced reaction.
Here reaction is HNO3 +Ca ⟶ Ca(NO3)2 + H2↑
Here on the reactant side one hydrogen, one nitrogen, three oxygen, and one calcium atom are present whereas on the product side two hydrogens, two nitrogen, six oxygen, and one calcium atom are present. This can be tabulated below.
Atom
Number of atoms on Reactant side
Number of atoms on Product side
H
1
2
N
1
2
O
1
6
Ca
1
1
Table representing the number of atoms on the reactant and product side
Above table represents reaction is unbalanced as the number of atoms on both the reactant and product sides is different.
We have to balance this reaction by multiplying HNO3 on the reactant side by two.
Thus balanced reaction will be 2HNO3 +Ca ⟶ Ca(NO3)2 + H2↑
Atom
Number of atoms on Reactant side
Number of atoms on Product side
H
2
2
N
2
2
O
6
6
Ca
1
1
Table representing the number of atoms on the reactant and product side
Table representing the number of atoms on the reactant and product side
HNO3 + Ca titration
The titration of HNO3 and Ca is not possible as calcium cannot be used in titration as it is a metal.
In HNO3 London forces, Hydrogen bonding, and dipole-dipole attraction are present. These forces bind hydrogen ions and nitrite ions to form a molecule.
The enthalpy of the reaction can be calculated by knowing the enthalpy of the formation of each compound on both the reactant and product side which is tabulated below.
Compounds
Enthalpy of formation (KJ/mol)
HNO3(aq)
-173.1
Ca (s)
0
Ca(NO3)2 (aq)
369
H2(g)
0
Change in Enthalpy = (Sum of Enthalpy of formation of Product) – (Sum of Enthalpy of formation of Reactant)
= [(+369) + 0 – (-173.1+0)]
= +542.1 KJmol-1.
Is HNO3 + Ca a buffer solution
HNO3+Ca does not form a buffer solution as HNO3 is a strong acid and Ca is a metal.
Is HNO3 + Ca a complete reaction
The HNO3+Ca reaction is complete as calcium nitrate and hydrogen gas are formed as the stable product of the HNO3+Ca reaction.
Is HNO3 + Ca an exothermic or endothermic reaction
HNO3+Ca is an endothermic reaction as the enthalpy of the reaction is a positive value which is pointed at +542.1 KJmol-1.
Endothermic graph
Is HNO3 + Ca a redox reaction
HNO3+Ca is not a redox reaction as during the HNO3+Ca reaction only the calcium gets oxidized.
Is HNO3 + Ca a precipitation reaction
HNO3+Ca is not a precipitation reaction as no precipitate formed during the reaction, calcium nitrate formed on the product side is soluble in water.
Is HNO3 + Ca reversible or irreversible reaction
HNO3+Ca is an irreversible reaction as the calcium nitrate formed cannot be converted back into the original reactant and hydrogen evolved as a gas during the HNO3+Ca reaction.
Is HNO3 + Ca displacement reaction
HNO3+Ca is a single displacement reaction because the displacement of NO3 from hydrogen takes place by calcium metal.
Conclusion
Nitric acid reacts with Calcium to give calcium nitrate and hydrogen gas is released. Nitric acid is used in the manufacturing of dye, fertilizers, and plastic. HNO3 is used in pure form for the removal of the wart. It is also used in electrochemistry as a doping agent.
Cr2O3, also known as chromium(III) oxide or chromia, is a compound composed of two chromium atoms bonded to three oxygen atoms. It is a versatile material with various properties that make it suitable for a wide range of applications. Cr2O3 is a refractory material, meaning it has a high melting point and excellent thermal stability, making it useful in high-temperature environments. It is also highly resistant to corrosion, making it suitable for use in protective coatings and as a pigment in paints. Additionally, Cr2O3 exhibits magnetic properties, making it useful in magnetic storage media and as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions. In this article, we will explore the properties of Cr2O3 in more detail, discussing its physical, chemical, and magnetic properties, as well as its applications in various industries.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Cr2O3 is a versatile compound with a range of properties that make it useful in various applications. Its high melting point, thermal stability, corrosion resistance, and magnetic properties make it suitable for use in high-temperature environments, protective coatings, paints, magnetic storage media, and catalysis. Understanding the properties of Cr2O3 is essential for harnessing its potential in different industries.
Chromium trioxide, also known as Cr2O3, is an inorganic compound composed of two chromium atoms bonded to three oxygen atoms. Its chemical formula indicates the ratio of atoms in the compound. The structure of Cr2O3 consists of a lattice arrangement, where the chromium atoms are surrounded by oxygen atoms. This compound is classified as an ionic compound due to the presence of positively and negatively charged ions.
IUPAC Name
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) has designated the name “chromium(III) oxide” for Cr2O3. This name reflects the presence of chromium in its +3 oxidation state and the compound’s composition of oxygen.
CAS Number and ChemSpider ID
Cr2O3 has a CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) number of 1308-38-9. The ChemSpider ID, a unique identifier for chemical compounds, is 14021.
Chemical Classification (Ionic Compound)
As mentioned earlier, Cr2O3 belongs to the category of ionic compounds. Ionic compounds are formed through the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. In the case of Cr2O3, the chromium atoms lose three electrons each, becoming Cr3+ cations, while the oxygen atoms gain two electrons each, becoming O2- anions.
Molar Mass
The molar mass of Cr2O3 is calculated by summing the atomic masses of its constituent elements. Chromium has an atomic mass of approximately 52 atomic mass units (amu), while oxygen has an atomic mass of around 16 amu. Adding up the atomic masses of two chromium atoms and three oxygen atoms gives a molar mass of approximately 152 amu for Cr2O3.
Color
Cr2O3 is known for its characteristic green color. This vibrant hue is a result of the way the compound absorbs and reflects light. The absorption of certain wavelengths of light by the compound’s electrons leads to the perception of green color.
Molar Density
The molar density of a substance refers to the mass of the substance per unit volume. For Cr2O3, the molar density is approximately 5.22 grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). This value indicates the compactness of the compound’s particles within a given volume.
Melting Point and Boiling Point
The melting point of Cr2O3 is relatively high, measuring around 2,435 degrees Celsius (4,415 degrees Fahrenheit). This high melting point indicates the strong bonds between the chromium and oxygen atoms in the compound. On the other hand, Cr2O3 does not have a well-defined boiling point since it decomposes before reaching its boiling point.
In summary, Cr2O3 exhibits various chemical properties that contribute to its unique characteristics. Its chemical formula, Cr2O3, represents the ratio of chromium to oxygen atoms in the compound. The compound’s structure consists of a lattice arrangement, and it is classified as an ionic compound. With a molar mass of approximately 152 amu, Cr2O3 has a distinct green color and a molar density of around 5.22 g/cm³. It possesses a high melting point of 2,435 degrees Celsius and decomposes before reaching a boiling point. These properties make Cr2O3 a fascinating compound with diverse applications in different fields.
State at room temperature
J. Ionic bond and ionic radius
When discussing the properties of Cr2O3 (chromium trioxide), it is important to consider its state at room temperature. At this temperature, Cr2O3 exists as a solid compound.
One of the key factors that contribute to the solid state of Cr2O3 is the presence of ionic bonds between its constituent atoms. Ionic bonds are formed when there is a transfer of electrons from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions. In the case of Cr2O3, chromium (Cr) atoms lose electrons to oxygen (O) atoms, resulting in the formation of Cr3+ cations and O2- anions.
The ionic radius of the atoms involved in the formation of Cr2O3 also plays a crucial role in determining its state at room temperature. The ionic radius refers to the size of an ion, which is influenced by the number of protons and electrons it possesses. In Cr2O3, the Cr3+ cations have a smaller ionic radius compared to the O2- anions. This size difference leads to a tightly packed arrangement of ions in the crystal lattice, contributing to the solid state of Cr2O3.
The presence of ionic bonds and the specific arrangement of ions in the crystal lattice give rise to several interesting properties of Cr2O3, including its color, oxidation state, toxicity, corrosion resistance, refractive index, crystal structure, electrical conductivity, magnetic properties, thermal conductivity, and optical properties. These properties will be further explored in subsequent sections of this article.
To summarize, at room temperature, Cr2O3 exists as a solid compound due to the presence of ionic bonds between chromium and oxygen atoms. The ionic radius of the constituent ions also influences the solid state of Cr2O3. In the following sections, we will delve deeper into the various properties exhibited by Cr2O3.
What Are the Chemical Properties of Copernicium (Element 112)?
Copernicium, element 112 on the periodic table, boasts 21 essential copernicium chemical properties. It is a synthetic, highly radioactive element with a short half-life. Copernicium is believed to have a solid state at room temperature, though its properties are largely unknown due to its limited availability for study. It is classified as a transition metal and likely exhibits properties similar to its neighboring elements in the periodic table.
Reactions and Uses of Cr2O3
Reaction with Acid
When chromium trioxide (Cr2O3) comes into contact with acid, it undergoes various reactions. One notable reaction is its reaction with hydrochloric acid (HCl). When Cr2O3 is added to HCl, it forms chromium chloride (CrCl3) and water (H2O). This reaction can be represented by the following equation:
Cr2O3 + 6HCl → 2CrCl3 + 3H2O
Another reaction occurs when Cr2O3 reacts with sulfuric acid (H2SO4). In this case, chromium sulfate (Cr2(SO4)3) and water are formed:
Cr2O3 + 3H2SO4 → Cr2(SO4)3 + 3H2O
Reaction with Base
Cr2O3 also reacts with bases, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH). When Cr2O3 is mixed with NaOH, it forms sodium chromate (Na2CrO4) and water:
Cr2O3 + 2NaOH → Na2CrO4 + H2O
Reaction with Oxide
When Cr2O3 reacts with other oxides, interesting reactions take place. For example, when it reacts with aluminum oxide (Al2O3), a solid solution called chromia-alumina (Cr2O3-Al2O3) is formed. This solid solution has unique properties that make it useful in various applications, such as catalysts and refractory materials.
Reaction with Metals
Cr2O3 can also react with metals, leading to the formation of metal chromates. For instance, when Cr2O3 reacts with iron (Fe), iron(III) chromate (Fe2(CrO4)3) is produced. This reaction is often used in the production of pigments and dyes.
Uses of Cr2O3
Cr2O3 has several important uses due to its unique properties. One of its main applications is as a pigment in the production of paints, inks, and ceramics. The bright green color of Cr2O3 makes it a popular choice for these applications.
Another significant use of Cr2O3 is as a catalyst in various chemical reactions. Its high surface area and unique electronic properties make it an effective catalyst for oxidation and reduction reactions.
Cr2O3 is also used in the production of refractory materials, which are materials that can withstand high temperatures without melting or deforming. Its high melting point and excellent corrosion resistance make it an ideal component for refractory bricks and linings in furnaces and kilns.
Furthermore, Cr2O3 is utilized in the manufacturing of magnetic tapes and disks due to its magnetic properties. It is also used in the production of glass, where it acts as a colorant and enhances the refractive index of the glass.
In conclusion, Cr2O3 exhibits various reactions with acids, bases, oxides, and metals. Additionally, it finds applications in the production of pigments, catalysts, refractory materials, magnetic media, and glass. Its unique properties make it a versatile compound with a wide range of uses in different industries. Conclusion
In conclusion, Cr2O3 (chromium(III) oxide) is a compound with various interesting properties. It is a dark green powder that is insoluble in water and has a high melting point of 2435°C. Cr2O3 is known for its excellent corrosion resistance, making it suitable for applications in protective coatings and pigments. It also exhibits magnetic properties, making it useful in the production of magnetic materials. Additionally, Cr2O3 is a semiconductor with a wide bandgap, making it suitable for optoelectronic devices. Overall, Cr2O3 possesses a unique combination of properties that make it valuable in various industrial applications.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the chemical formula for chromium trioxide (Cr2O3)?
The chemical formula for chromium trioxide is Cr2O3.
2. Is Cr2O3 a gas?
No, Cr2O3 is not a gas. It is a solid compound.
3. Is Cr2O3 ionic or covalent?
Cr2O3 is an ionic compound.
4. What is the correct name for Cr2O3?
The correct name for Cr2O3 is chromium trioxide.
5. What are the magnetic properties of Cr2O3?
Cr2O3 is a paramagnetic material, which means it is weakly attracted to a magnetic field.
6. Why is dichromate Cr2O7?
Dichromate is represented by the formula Cr2O7 because it contains two chromium atoms and seven oxygen atoms.
7. What are the optical properties of Cr2O3?
Cr2O3 has a high refractive index and is known for its green color.
8. What are the uses of Cr2O3?
Cr2O3 is commonly used as a pigment in paints, ceramics, and glass. It is also used in the production of chrome plating and as a catalyst.
9. What are the properties of Cr2O3?
Cr2O3 has a molecular weight of 151.99 g/mol, a density of 5.22 g/cm³, a melting point of 2435°C, and a boiling point of 4000°C. It is insoluble in water but soluble in acids.
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