When your shallow well pump refuses to turn on, it can be a frustrating and perplexing issue. However, with the right approach and a keen eye for detail, you can often diagnose and resolve the problem yourself. This comprehensive guide will walk you through the necessary steps to identify and address the root cause of your shallow well pump’s malfunction.
Measuring and Analyzing Key Data Points
The first step in troubleshooting a shallow well pump that won’t turn on is to gather and analyze key data points. These measurable and quantifiable metrics can provide valuable insights into the underlying issue.
Voltage Readings
Using a multimeter, you can measure the voltage at various points in the system, including the control box, pressure switch, and pump cables. This can help you identify if there is a voltage drop or a lack of power reaching the pump.
For example, if the voltage at the control box is 115V, but the voltage at the pump cables is only 105V, it could indicate a problem with the wiring or a faulty connection.
Pressure Gauge Readings
Checking the pressure gauge readings can help you determine if the pump is building up pressure as expected. If the pressure is not increasing or is dropping too low, it could be a sign of an issue with the pump, pressure tank, or check valve.
Typical pressure readings for a shallow well pump system should be around 30-50 PSI when the pump is running and 20-40 PSI when the pump is off.
Air Pressure in the Pressure Tank
The air pressure in the pressure tank should be checked and adjusted to the recommended level, typically around 38 PSI for most systems. If the air pressure is too low or too high, it can affect the pump’s ability to build pressure and turn on.
You can use a tire pressure gauge to measure the air pressure in the pressure tank and adjust it accordingly.
Check Valve Inspection
Visually inspecting the check valve can help you determine if it is functioning properly. Signs of a faulty check valve include water flowing back into the well when the pump is turned off or a lack of pressure buildup in the system.
To test the check valve, turn off the power supply, disconnect the pump, and manually open and close the valve. If the valve is stuck or damaged, it may need to be replaced.
Fuse and Breaker Checks
Checking the fuses and breakers for the pump system can help you identify if there has been a power interruption or overload. If a fuse is blown or a breaker is tripped, it should be replaced or reset.
Make sure to turn off the power supply before inspecting or replacing any fuses or breakers.
Wiring Inspection
Inspecting the wiring for signs of damage, corrosion, or loose connections can help you identify if there is a problem with the electrical system. You can also measure the resistance of the wiring to help pinpoint any issues.
Look for frayed, cracked, or discolored wires, and ensure that all connections are tight and secure.
By gathering and analyzing these measurable and quantifiable data points, you can better diagnose the issue with a shallow well pump that won’t turn on and take appropriate steps to repair or replace the necessary components.
Technical Specifications of Shallow Well Pumps
The technical specifications of a shallow well pump can vary depending on the make and model, but understanding the common parameters can help you choose the right pump for your needs and ensure it is properly installed and maintained.
Horsepower (HP)
The horsepower of the pump determines its capacity to move water. Common horsepower ratings for shallow well pumps include 1/2 HP, 3/4 HP, and 1 HP.
Voltage
The voltage of the pump should match the voltage of the power supply. Common voltage ratings for shallow well pumps include 115V and 230V.
Flow Rate
The flow rate of the pump determines how much water it can move in a given period. Common flow rate ratings for shallow well pumps include gallons per minute (GPM) or liters per minute (LPM).
Maximum Head
The maximum head of the pump determines how high it can lift water. Common maximum head ratings for shallow well pumps include 50 feet or 100 feet.
Motor Type
The motor type of the pump can vary, with common types including single-phase and three-phase motors.
Pump Material
The pump material should be suitable for the water source and environment. Common materials include stainless steel, cast iron, and plastic.
Pump Depth
The pump depth determines how deep the pump can be submerged in the well. Common pump depth ratings for shallow well pumps include 25 feet or 50 feet.
Understanding these technical specifications can help you choose the right pump for your needs and ensure that it is properly installed and maintained.
DIY Troubleshooting Steps
If your shallow well pump won’t turn on, here are some DIY troubleshooting steps you can take:
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Check the Power Supply: Ensure that the pump is properly plugged in and that the circuit breaker or fuse has not been tripped or blown. Use a multimeter to measure the voltage at the power source to confirm that it is within the pump’s rated voltage range.
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Inspect the Pressure Switch: The pressure switch controls the pump’s power supply. If the switch is faulty, it may prevent the pump from turning on. To test the switch, turn off the power supply, remove the cover, and tap the switch with a screwdriver. If the pump turns on, the switch is likely the issue.
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Examine the Wiring: Inspect the wiring for signs of damage, corrosion, or loose connections. Use a multimeter to measure the resistance of the wiring and ensure that all connections are secure and there are no visible signs of damage.
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Check the Check Valve: The check valve ensures that water flows in one direction. If the valve is faulty, it may prevent the pump from turning on. To test the valve, turn off the power supply, disconnect the pump, and manually open and close the valve. If the valve is stuck or damaged, it may need to be replaced.
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Evaluate the Pump: If none of the above steps resolve the issue, the pump itself may be faulty. In this case, you may need to call a professional for further assistance, as replacing a shallow well pump can be a complex and potentially dangerous task.
By following these DIY troubleshooting steps, you can often identify and resolve issues with a shallow well pump that won’t turn on. However, if you are unsure or uncomfortable performing these steps, it is always best to consult a professional to ensure the safety and proper functioning of your well pump system.
References:
- Troubleshoot: Water Well Pump Does Not Start – YouTube
- Well pump runs constantly; Pressure tank doesn’t fill – DIY Stack Exchange
- Most Common Reason for No Water!! Reset Pump Pressure Switch … – YouTube
- Shallow well jet pump won’t prime and pressurize – DoItYourself.com
- Well Pump Troubleshooting and DIY Repair – Family Handyman
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