Submersible Well Pump Check Valve: A Comprehensive Guide

Submersible well pump check valves are crucial components in well pump plumbing systems, as they prevent water from flowing back into the well when the pump is not operating. This helps maintain pressure in the system and reduces the frequency of pump cycling, ultimately saving energy and money.

Understanding the Importance of Submersible Well Pump Check Valves

Submersible well pumps are designed to be submerged in the water source, typically a well, and are responsible for drawing water up and into the plumbing system. The check valve plays a vital role in this process by ensuring that the water does not flow back into the well when the pump is not running. This helps to maintain the necessary pressure in the system, which is crucial for the efficient operation of the pump and the overall water distribution.

Identifying and Troubleshooting Check Valve Issues

When testing a well pump check valve, if the pressure tank loses pressure while the pump is not operating, it may indicate a leaky check valve. To test this, turn off the connection between the pressure tank and what it services, and wait about an hour. If the tank is still losing pressure, something on the downwell side of the system is likely causing the pressure loss, often the check valve. However, further investigation may be necessary to rule out breakage in the drop pipe or buried pipes running from the well to the pressure tank.

Symptoms of a Faulty Check Valve

• Pressure tank losing pressure when the pump is not running
• Frequent cycling of the pump
• Reduced water flow or pressure
• Air bubbles in the water lines

Troubleshooting Steps

1. Isolate the pressure tank from the rest of the system and monitor the pressure loss over time.
2. If the pressure tank is still losing pressure, the issue is likely with the check valve or the piping on the downwell side.
3. Inspect the check valve for any visible damage, such as cracks, corrosion, or debris buildup.
4. If the check valve appears to be the problem, proceed with the replacement process.

Replacing a Submersible Pump’s Check Valve

Replacing a submersible pump’s built-in check valve involves lifting the pump out of the well, removing the faulty check valve, and replacing it with a new one of the same model. This is also an opportunity to replace the o-ring around the check valve’s seal.

Step-by-Step Replacement Process

1. Shut off power to the well pump and disconnect it from the electrical supply.
2. Carefully remove the pump from the well, taking note of the orientation and position of the check valve.
3. Disassemble the pump and locate the check valve, which is typically located at the bottom of the pump.
4. Remove the faulty check valve and inspect the o-ring for any signs of wear or damage.
5. Replace the check valve with a new one of the same model and size, ensuring a proper fit.
6. Replace the o-ring and reassemble the pump.
7. Lower the pump back into the well and reconnect the electrical supply.
8. Test the system to ensure the new check valve is functioning correctly.

Check Valve Materials and Their Characteristics

Various materials are used for well pump check valves, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Understanding the properties of these materials can help you select the most suitable option for your well pump system.

Material	Advantages	Disadvantages
Stainless Steel	– Resistant to rust and corrosion – Durable and long-lasting	– More expensive than other options
Ductile Iron	– Cost-effective – Stronger than bronze	– May be susceptible to corrosion in certain water conditions
Bronze	– Corrosion-resistant	– Less mechanical strength compared to ductile iron
PVC	– Chemical resistance – Lower cost	– Lower mechanical strength – Not suitable for high-temperature or high-pressure conditions

Proper Placement and Number of Check Valves

The number and placement of well pump check valves depend on the type of well pump and the depth of the well. For submersible pumps in deep wells, a check valve should be installed within the pump’s body and another check valve in line no further than 25 feet from the pump. For shallower wells, a foot valve is used, which is a specific check valve placed directly into the water with a filter around its inlet port.

Recommended Check Valve Placement

• Submersible Pumps in Deep Wells:
• Check valve within the pump’s body
• Additional check valve in line no further than 25 feet from the pump
• Shallow Wells:
• Foot valve placed directly into the water with a filter around the inlet port

Maintaining and Servicing Submersible Well Pump Check Valves

Regular maintenance and servicing of submersible well pump check valves can help ensure the longevity and efficiency of the well pump system. This includes:

• Inspecting the check valve for any visible damage or debris buildup
• Replacing the check valve and associated o-ring if necessary
• Ensuring proper placement and orientation of the check valve
• Monitoring the system for any signs of pressure loss or pump cycling issues

By following these best practices, you can help extend the lifespan of your submersible well pump check valve and maintain the overall performance of your well pump system.

Conclusion

Submersible well pump check valves play a critical role in maintaining pressure and preventing water from flowing back into the well. Understanding the importance of these components, as well as the proper installation, testing, and replacement procedures, can help ensure the efficiency and longevity of your well pump system. By staying informed and proactive with your well pump maintenance, you can enjoy a reliable and cost-effective water supply for years to come.

References:
– Installing Check Valves in Submersible Pumps
– Air in Cold Water Line from Well: How Do We Replace the Check Valve?
– Well Pump Check Valve
– Terry Love Plumbing, Remodel, DIY & Home Improvement Forum
– Check Valve for Submersible Well Pump