Shallow well pumps are a common solution for homes and small businesses that rely on groundwater for their water supply. However, these pumps can sometimes encounter a frustrating issue known as “waterlogging,” which can reduce their efficiency and lifespan. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll dive deep into the causes, diagnosis, and repair of a waterlogged shallow well pump, equipping you with the knowledge to tackle this problem head-on.
Understanding Waterlogged Shallow Well Pumps
Shallow well pumps typically draw water from a well that is less than 25 feet deep. These pumps rely on a pressure tank to maintain a consistent water pressure throughout the plumbing system. When the pressure tank’s bladder fails, it allows water to enter the air chamber, leading to a condition known as waterlogging.
Waterlogging can cause several issues with your shallow well pump, including:
- Frequent Cycling: The pump will turn on and off more frequently as it struggles to maintain the desired pressure, leading to premature wear and tear on the motor.
- Reduced Efficiency: The presence of water in the air chamber reduces the pump’s ability to efficiently pressurize the system, resulting in lower water flow and pressure.
- Decreased Lifespan: The constant cycling and inefficient operation can significantly shorten the overall lifespan of the shallow well pump.
Diagnosing a Waterlogged Pressure Tank
To determine if your shallow well pump’s pressure tank is waterlogged, follow these steps:
- Shut off the Power: Before inspecting the pressure tank, ensure that the power to the well pump is turned off to prevent any accidental activation.
- Shake the Tank: Gently shake the pressure tank and listen for the sound of water sloshing around. A waterlogged tank will have a distinctive, watery sound.
- Drain the Tank: Open a faucet or valve to release the pressure in the tank until it reaches zero. This will allow you to inspect the water inside the tank.
- Inspect the Water: If the water in the tank is brown, cloudy, or has a foul odor, it’s a clear indication that the bladder has failed, and the tank needs to be replaced.
Testing the Submersible Motor
In addition to the pressure tank, it’s essential to check the condition of the submersible motor that powers the shallow well pump. Here’s how to test the motor:
- Check the Motor Windings: Use an ohm meter to measure the resistance in the motor windings. For a 3/4 HP, 230V single-phase 3-wire with ground submersible motor, the main winding should have a reading between 3.0 and 3.6 ohms, and the start windings should have a reading between 10.0 and 13.1 ohms.
- Test for Grounding: Set your ohm meter to the highest reading available and connect one lead to the green ground wire. Then, connect the other lead to each of the other three wires, looking for any reading. A reading indicates a ground in the windings of the motor.
Technical Specifications for Shallow Well Pumps
Shallow well pumps come in a range of sizes and configurations to meet the needs of different applications. Here are some typical technical specifications for a shallow well pump:
| Specification | Range |
|---|---|
| Horsepower | 1/2 to 2 HP |
| Voltage | 115 to 230V, single or three-phase |
| Flow Rate | Up to 50 GPM (gallons per minute) |
| Total Dynamic Head | Up to 200 feet |
| Motor Enclosure | Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled (TEFC) or Submersible |
| Maximum Submergence | Up to 400 feet |
| Insulation Class | F or H |
| Frame Size | 56B, 56J, or 56C |
Troubleshooting and Repair Strategies
If your shallow well pump is experiencing waterlogging issues, here are some troubleshooting and repair strategies to consider:
- Replace the Pressure Tank: If the pressure tank’s bladder has failed, the entire tank will need to be replaced. Be sure to select a replacement tank that is properly sized for your well pump and plumbing system.
- Check the Pressure Switch: Ensure that the pressure switch is functioning correctly and is set to the appropriate pressure range for your system. A malfunctioning pressure switch can contribute to waterlogging issues.
- Inspect the Well Casing: If the well casing is damaged or cracked, it can allow groundwater to enter the system, leading to waterlogging. Consider having a professional inspect and repair the well casing if necessary.
- Clean the Well: Over time, sediment and debris can accumulate in the well, reducing the water flow and contributing to waterlogging. Periodic well cleaning can help improve the pump’s performance.
- Upgrade the Pump: If your shallow well pump is undersized for your water usage needs, consider upgrading to a larger, more powerful model to better meet your demands and reduce the risk of waterlogging.
By following the steps outlined in this comprehensive guide, you’ll be well on your way to diagnosing and repairing any waterlogging issues with your shallow well pump. Remember to always prioritize safety and consider consulting a professional if you’re unsure about any aspect of the repair process.
References:
- Pump cycling, or Water logged and other Well Info. – DoItYourself.com
- How to tell if your well pump system pressure tank … – YouTube
- Pressure tank getting waterlogged – Love Plumbing & Remodel
- Whats the real reason for 20 psi differential for water well pressure switch setting? – DIY Stack Exchange
- How to Charge a Waterlogged Pressure Tank – Guthrie & Frey, Inc.
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