Nonanoic Acid: Unveiling Its Properties and Industrial Applications

Nonanoic acid, also known as pelargonic acid, is a nine-carbon saturated fatty acid. It is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor and is soluble in water. Nonanoic acid is commonly used in various industries, including the production of flavors and fragrances, as a precursor for plasticizers, and as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and pesticides. It is also used as a corrosion inhibitor and as a raw material for the production of esters, which are widely used in the manufacturing of soaps, detergents, and cosmetics. Nonanoic acid is an important chemical compound with diverse applications.

Key Takeaways

Property	Value
Chemical Formula	C9H18O2
Molecular Weight	158.24 g/mol
Melting Point	-3.5 °C
Boiling Point	254 °C
Density	0.91 g/cm3
Solubility	Soluble in water
Odor	Pungent
Applications	Flavors, fragrances, plasticizers, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, corrosion inhibitors, ester production

Understanding Nonanoic Acid

What is Nonanoic Acid

Nonanoic acid, also known as pelargonic acid, is an organic compound classified as a carboxylic acid. It belongs to the family of fatty acids and has the chemical formula C9H18O2. Nonanoic acid is characterized by its pungent odor and is commonly found in nature as a component of esters and lipids.

Nonanoic Acid Structure

The chemical structure of nonanoic acid consists of a chain of nine carbon atoms, with a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached at one end. This structure gives nonanoic acid its acidic properties and allows it to participate in various chemical reactions. The molecular formula of nonanoic acid is C9H18O2.

Nonanoic Acid Formula

The formula for nonanoic acid, C9H18O2, represents the number and types of atoms present in a molecule of nonanoic acid. This formula provides valuable information about the composition of the compound and is used to identify and differentiate nonanoic acid from other substances.

Nonanoic acid is soluble in organic solvents and has a moderate level of solubility in water. Its pungent odor makes it useful in various applications, including as a fragrance and flavoring agent in cosmetics and food products. Additionally, nonanoic acid is utilized in the production of esters, which are commonly used as solvents, plasticizers, and fragrances.

When considering the safety of nonanoic acid, it is important to note that it has low toxicity. The substance has been reviewed for its use as an ingredient in medicines and fragrances, and its moderate toxicity is reversible. Nonanoic acid is also considered in the registration of pesticides in the European Union.

Origin and Production of Nonanoic Acid

Where Does Nonanoic Acid Come From

Nonanoic acid, also known as pelargonic acid, is an organic compound classified as a carboxylic acid. It is a fatty acid with the chemical formula C9H18O2. Nonanoic acid can be found naturally in various sources, including plants and animals. In plants, it is present in the form of nonanoate esters, which are derived from lipids. These lipids play essential roles in the structure and function of cell membranes.

Nonanoic acid is known for its pungent odor, which is often described as rancid or sweaty. This odor is responsible for its use in certain applications, such as fragrances and flavorings. In addition to its natural occurrence, nonanoic acid can also be produced synthetically through chemical processes.

How is Nonanoic Acid Manufactured

The production of nonanoic acid involves several steps. One common method is the oxidation of the corresponding aldehyde, nonanal. This oxidation reaction is typically carried out using an oxidizing agent, such as potassium permanganate or chromic acid. The resulting product is nonanoic acid.

Another method of synthesis involves the hydrolysis of nonyl cyanide, which is obtained from nonene, a hydrocarbon derived from petroleum. The hydrolysis reaction breaks down the nonyl cyanide into nonanoic acid and ammonia.

Nonanoic acid can also be produced through the esterification of nonanol, an alcohol with nine carbon atoms. This reaction involves the reaction of nonanol with an acid, such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, to form nonanoic acid and water.

The production of nonanoic acid requires careful consideration of factors such as reaction conditions, concentration of reactants, and purification methods. It is important to ensure the safety and efficiency of the manufacturing process.

Properties of Nonanoic Acid

Is Nonanoic Acid Volatile

Nonanoic acid, also known as pelargonic acid, is an organic compound classified as a carboxylic acid. It is a fatty acid with the chemical formula C9H18O2. One of the notable properties of nonanoic acid is its volatility. This means that it has a tendency to evaporate easily at room temperature, giving off a pungent odor. The volatility of nonanoic acid makes it useful in various applications, such as in the production of esters and as a component in the synthesis of other organic compounds.

Is Nonanoic Acid Soluble in Water

When it comes to solubility, nonanoic acid exhibits some interesting characteristics. While it is not highly soluble in water, it is moderately soluble. This means that it can dissolve to a certain extent in water, forming a homogeneous solution. However, the solubility of nonanoic acid in water is limited, and it may require the use of solvents or other techniques to enhance its solubility in aqueous solutions. This property is important to consider when working with nonanoic acid in various industries, such as the production of cosmetics, fragrances, and flavorings.

Nonanoic Acid Boiling Point

The boiling point of nonanoic acid is an important property to consider, especially in processes that involve heating or distillation. Nonanoic acid has a boiling point of approximately 254 degrees Celsius (489 degrees Fahrenheit). This relatively high boiling point indicates that nonanoic acid requires a significant amount of heat to reach its boiling point and convert from a liquid to a vapor state. The boiling point of nonanoic acid is crucial in industries where it is used as an ingredient or a component in the production of medicines, pesticides, and other chemical compounds.

Nonanoic Acid as an Organic Compound

Is Nonanoic Acid an Organic Compound?

Yes, Nonanoic Acid is an organic compound. It belongs to the carboxylic acid family, specifically a fatty acid. Its chemical formula is C9H18O2, and it is also known as pelargonic acid. Nonanoic acid is commonly found in nature as esters in lipids. It is a versatile compound with various applications due to its unique properties.

Nonanoic Acid Common Name

Nonanoic acid is commonly known as pelargonic acid. The name “pelargonic” is derived from the Greek word “pelargos,” which means stork. This name was given due to the pungent odor of nonanoic acid, which resembles the smell of storks. It is also referred to as n-nonanoic acid or nonanecarboxylic acid.

Nonanoic acid is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a strong, unpleasant odor. It is soluble in organic solvents but has limited solubility in water. The chemical structure of nonanoic acid consists of a nine-carbon chain with a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end.

Nonanoic acid finds various uses in different industries. Let’s take a closer look at some of its properties, production methods, and applications.

Nonanoic Acid Properties

• Odor: Nonanoic acid has a pungent, rancid odor, which is often described as sweaty or cheesy.
• Solubility: It is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, and chloroform but has low solubility in water.
• Melting and Boiling Point: Nonanoic acid has a melting point of around 16°C and a boiling point of approximately 254°C.
• Density: The density of nonanoic acid is about 0.91 g/cm³.

Nonanoic Acid Production

Nonanoic acid can be produced through various methods, including:

• Oxidation of Primary Alcohol: Nonanoic acid can be obtained by oxidizing the primary alcohol, nonanol, using oxidizing agents such as potassium permanganate or chromic acid.
• Hydrolysis of Esters: Esters of nonanoic acid can be hydrolyzed to yield nonanoic acid and an alcohol.
• Microbial Fermentation: Certain microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, can produce nonanoic acid through fermentation processes.

Nonanoic Acid Uses and Applications

Nonanoic acid has a wide range of applications in different industries, including:

• Food Industry: Nonanoic acid is used as a flavoring agent in food products, providing a fruity or nutty flavor.
• Cosmetics: It is utilized in cosmetics and personal care products as a fragrance ingredient due to its distinctive odor.
• Chemical Industry: Nonanoic acid is used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals, including esters, plasticizers, and lubricants.
• Pesticides: It is used as an active ingredient in some pesticide formulations to control pests in agricultural and horticultural practices.
• Pharmaceuticals: Nonanoic acid is used in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.
• Other Applications: Nonanoic acid is also used in the production of flavors, fragrances, and as a chemical intermediate in various industries.

Uses and Applications of Nonanoic Acid

Nonanoic acid, also known as pelargonic acid, is an organic compound classified as a carboxylic acid. With the chemical formula C9H18O2, it is a fatty acid that is commonly found in esters and lipids. Nonanoic acid is known for its pungent odor and moderate solubility in water.

Nonanoic Acid Uses

Nonanoic acid finds various uses in different industries due to its unique properties. Here are some notable applications of nonanoic acid:

1. Pesticide: Nonanoic acid is commonly used as a pesticide in agricultural practices. It acts as a natural herbicide, effectively controlling the growth of unwanted plants. Its low toxicity and biodegradability make it an environmentally friendly choice for weed control.

2. Cosmetics and Fragrances: Nonanoic acid is used in the formulation of cosmetics and fragrances. Its pleasant odor adds a fruity or floral note to perfumes, lotions, and other personal care products. Additionally, it can be used as a flavoring agent in food products.

3. Chemical Intermediate: Nonanoic acid serves as a chemical intermediate in the production of various substances. It is used in the synthesis of esters, which are widely employed in the manufacturing of plastics, solvents, and lubricants.

Nonanoic Acid as a Pesticide

Nonanoic acid has gained popularity as a pesticide due to its effectiveness and low environmental impact. When used as a herbicide, it disrupts the growth of plants by inhibiting cellular processes. Its moderate solubility allows it to penetrate the plant’s tissues, leading to the inhibition of essential enzymes and ultimately causing plant death.

The use of nonanoic acid as a pesticide offers several advantages. It has a low toxicity profile, making it safe for humans and animals when used as directed. Additionally, it is biodegradable, minimizing its impact on the environment. These factors contribute to its acceptance as a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical pesticides.

Nonanoic Acid in Herbicides

Nonanoic acid is a key ingredient in many herbicides available in the market. These herbicides are commonly used in both agricultural and residential settings to control the growth of unwanted plants. The concentration of nonanoic acid in herbicides varies depending on the specific product and target plant species.

In Europe, nonanoic acid-based herbicides are registered for use in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. They are considered safe for use when following the recommended application rates and guidelines. The reversible nature of nonanoic acid’s effects allows for selective weed control without causing long-term damage to the surrounding vegetation.

Comparing Nonanoic Acid and Glyphosate

Nonanoic Acid vs Glyphosate

Nonanoic acid and glyphosate are both commonly used substances in various industries. While nonanoic acid is an organic compound classified as a carboxylic acid, glyphosate is a broad-spectrum herbicide. Let’s take a closer look at how these two substances compare.

Nonanoic acid, also known as pelargonic acid, has the chemical formula C9H18O2. It is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in esters and lipids. Nonanoic acid is known for its solubility in water and its pungent odor. Due to its properties, it finds applications in various industries such as food, cosmetics, and medicine.

On the other hand, glyphosate is a synthetic herbicide widely used in agriculture to control weeds. It works by inhibiting an enzyme that is essential for plant growth. Glyphosate is known for its low toxicity to humans and animals when used according to the recommended guidelines. It is an important ingredient in many herbicide formulations and is registered for use in Europe.

How Does Nonanoic Acid Work

Nonanoic acid works by disrupting the cell membranes of plants, leading to their desiccation and eventual death. When applied to plants, it penetrates the waxy cuticle and enters the cells, causing damage to the lipid bilayer. This disruption affects the plant’s ability to retain water and nutrients, ultimately leading to its demise.

Nonanoic acid is considered a moderate herbicide, meaning its effects are reversible. This makes it a useful tool for controlling weeds in certain situations. However, it is important to note that nonanoic acid’s effectiveness can vary depending on the concentration used and the specific plant species being targeted.

Does Nonanoic Acid Kill Grass

Yes, nonanoic acid can be effective in killing grass. However, its efficacy may depend on several factors such as the concentration of nonanoic acid used, the type of grass species, and the stage of growth. Nonanoic acid is often used as a selective herbicide, targeting unwanted grasses while leaving desirable plants unharmed.

When using nonanoic acid to control grass, it is important to follow the recommended guidelines and consider the specific needs of your lawn or garden. It is advisable to consult with a professional or refer to the product label for proper use and application instructions.

Safety and Toxicity of Nonanoic Acid

Is Nonanoic Acid Safe

Nonanoic acid, also known as pelargonic acid, is an organic compound classified as a carboxylic acid. With the chemical formula C9H18O2, it is a fatty acid commonly found in esters and lipids. Nonanoic acid is known for its pungent odor and is soluble in both water and organic solvents.

When it comes to safety, nonanoic acid is generally considered to be safe for use. It is widely used in various industries, including food, cosmetics, and medicine. The low toxicity of nonanoic acid makes it a favorable ingredient in many products. In fact, the European Chemicals Agency has registered nonanoic acid as a fragrance and flavoring substance.

Nonanoic Acid Toxicity

Nonanoic acid has been extensively studied for its toxicity, and the data suggests that it has low toxicity levels. The concentration of nonanoic acid required to cause adverse effects is relatively high, making it a safe substance to use in various applications. In medicine, nonanoic acid is considered a moderate irritant, but any effects are reversible and not long-lasting.

When considering the toxicity of nonanoic acid, it is important to note that the concentration of the substance plays a significant role. At low concentrations, nonanoic acid is unlikely to cause any harm. However, as with any chemical substance, it is always important to use nonanoic acid according to the recommended guidelines and to follow safety precautions.

Is Nonanoic Acid Safe for Pets and Dogs

When it comes to the safety of pets and dogs, nonanoic acid is generally considered safe for use. It is commonly used in pet products, such as shampoos and flea treatments, due to its effectiveness in repelling insects. However, it is important to follow the instructions and use nonanoic acid-based products according to the recommended schedule.

As with any substance, it is always advisable to consider the individual pet’s sensitivity and consult with a veterinarian if there are any concerns. While nonanoic acid is generally safe, some pets may have specific sensitivities or allergies that need to be taken into consideration.

Isononanoic Acid: A Related Compound

Isononanoic acid is an organic compound that belongs to the carboxylic acid family. It is a fatty acid with the chemical formula C9H18O2. Also known as pelargonic acid, it is commonly used in various industries due to its unique properties and versatility.

Isononanoic Acid Structure

The chemical structure of isononanoic acid consists of a chain of nine carbon atoms, with a carboxyl group (-COOH) at one end. This structure gives it its characteristic properties and functionality. The compound is often found in the form of esters, which are derivatives of carboxylic acids and alcohols. These esters are widely used in the production of lipids and other organic compounds.

Isononanoic Acid Uses

Isononanoic acid has a wide range of applications across different industries. Here are some of its common uses:

1. Solubility Enhancer: Isononanoic acid is often used as a solubility enhancer in various formulations. It helps improve the solubility of certain substances, making them easier to incorporate into different products.

2. Fragrance and Flavor Ingredient: Due to its pungent odor, isononanoic acid is used as a fragrance and flavor ingredient in the cosmetic and food industries. It adds a distinctive scent or taste to various products.

3. Intermediate in Chemical Synthesis: Isononanoic acid serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals. It is used to produce esters, which are widely utilized in the manufacturing of various products, including plastics, lubricants, and coatings.

Isononanoic Acid Production

The production of isononanoic acid involves several steps. It can be synthesized through the oxidation of nonanoic acid or by the hydroformylation of propylene. The resulting isononanoic acid can then be further processed to obtain its various derivatives and esters.

The production of isononanoic acid requires careful consideration of factors such as reaction conditions, catalysts, and purification methods. These parameters play a crucial role in ensuring the quality and purity of the final product.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is nonanoic acid?

Nonanoic acid, also known as pelargonic acid, is a type of organic compound known as a carboxylic acid. It is a fatty acid with the chemical formula C9H18O2. It is characterized by a pungent odor and is commonly found in esters and lipids.

What is the difference between nonanoic acid and glyphosate?

Nonanoic acid and glyphosate are both used as herbicides, but they work in different ways. Nonanoic acid, a fatty acid, works by disrupting the structure and permeability of cell membranes in plants, causing them to dry out and die. Glyphosate, on the other hand, inhibits a specific enzyme pathway necessary for plant growth.

Is nonanoic acid safe for pets?

Nonanoic acid is generally considered safe for pets when used properly. However, it can cause irritation if it comes into direct contact with the skin or eyes, so it’s important to use it with caution.

Is nonanoic acid volatile?

Yes, nonanoic acid is considered volatile due to its relatively low boiling point. This means it can evaporate into the air at room temperature.

What is the common name for nonanoic acid?

Nonanoic acid is commonly known as pelargonic acid. It is also referred to as nonanoate in its ester or salt form.

What are the uses of nonanoic acid?

Nonanoic acid has various applications. It is used as a herbicide, in the production of esters for flavors and fragrances, and in the manufacture of certain types of resins. It is also found in some foods and cosmetics.

Is nonanoic acid soluble in water?

Nonanoic acid is slightly soluble in water. However, it is well soluble in most organic solvents.

How is nonanoic acid manufactured?

Nonanoic acid is typically manufactured through the oxidation of nonanal, a type of aldehyde. This process involves the use of a catalyst and an oxidizing agent.

What is the structure of nonanoic acid?

Nonanoic acid has a chemical structure characterized by a chain of nine carbon atoms, with a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) at one end.

Is nonanoic acid an organic compound?

Yes, nonanoic acid is an organic compound. It is a type of carboxylic acid and is classified as a fatty acid.