Comprehensive Guide to Deep Well Pump Types: Centrifugal, Submersible, and Jet Pumps

Deep well pumps are essential for lifting water from significant depths, typically over 50 feet. They are designed to handle high-pressure heads and are commonly used in areas with low water tables or regions lacking a consistent supply of drinkable water close to the surface. The three main types of deep well pumps are Centrifugal Pumps, Submersible Pumps, and Jet Pumps, each with unique features, advantages, and technical specifications.

Centrifugal Pumps

Centrifugal pumps are not suitable for deep wells due to their limited suction power. However, they are an affordable option for shallow wells, typically less than 25 feet deep. Centrifugal pumps operate by rotating an internal fan to create suction, sitting outside the well in a mechanical housing for easy maintenance.

Technical Specifications

  • Flow Rate: Up to 150 gallons per minute (GPM)
  • Pressure Head: Up to 150 feet
  • Power Input: 1/2 to 5 horsepower (HP)
  • Typical Applications: Shallow wells (less than 25 feet), irrigation, and water transfer systems
  • Advantages: Relatively low cost, easy maintenance, and simple installation
  • Disadvantages: Limited suction power, not suitable for deep wells, and higher energy consumption compared to submersible pumps

Centrifugal pumps are a popular choice for shallow well applications due to their affordability and ease of maintenance. They are often used for irrigation, water transfer, and other applications where the water table is close to the surface. However, their limited suction power makes them unsuitable for deep well installations.

Submersible Pumps

deep well pump types

Submersible pumps are the most prevalent type of deep well pumps, suitable for wells of any depth. They are installed deep inside the well and are watertight, lasting a long time with minimal repairs required. However, repairs can be costly due to the labor involved in pulling the pump out of the well.

Technical Specifications

  • Flow Rate: Up to 1000 GPM
  • Pressure Head: Up to 600 feet
  • Power Input: 1/2 to 200 HP
  • Typical Applications: Deep wells (over 25 feet), municipal water supply, and industrial water applications
  • Advantages: Suitable for deep wells, high efficiency, and long lifespan with minimal maintenance
  • Disadvantages: Costly repairs due to the need to pull the pump out of the well, and higher initial investment compared to other pump types

Submersible pumps are the most common choice for deep well applications due to their ability to handle high-pressure heads and their long-lasting performance. They are widely used in municipal water supply systems, industrial water applications, and in areas with low water tables. The watertight design and submerged installation of submersible pumps make them a reliable and efficient option for deep well pumping.

Jet Pumps

Jet pumps are suitable for wells at all depths, with installation depending on the well’s depth. Single-drop models are ideal for shallow wells, while double-drop models are recommended for deep wells. Jet pumps work by creating a vacuum that sucks water out of the well, delivering it to the surface at high pressure.

Technical Specifications

  • Flow Rate: Up to 100 GPM
  • Pressure Head: Up to 200 feet
  • Power Input: 1/3 to 2 HP
  • Typical Applications: Shallow wells (single-drop), deep wells (double-drop), and water transfer systems
  • Advantages: Suitable for a wide range of well depths, relatively low cost, and simple installation
  • Disadvantages: Lower flow rates and pressure heads compared to submersible pumps, and the need for a separate water supply for the jet mechanism

Jet pumps are a versatile option for both shallow and deep well applications. Single-drop models are well-suited for shallow wells, while double-drop models are recommended for deeper wells. Jet pumps work by creating a vacuum that draws water from the well, making them a reliable choice for water transfer and other applications where high-pressure delivery is required.

When choosing the right deep well pump, the well’s depth is the single most crucial factor. For shallow wells (less than 25 feet), a centrifugal or single-drop jet pump is recommended. For deep wells (over 25 feet), a submersible or double-drop jet pump is typically the best choice.

Factors to Consider When Selecting a Deep Well Pump

When selecting a deep well pump, there are several key factors to consider:

  1. Well Depth: As mentioned, the well depth is the primary factor in determining the appropriate pump type. Centrifugal and single-drop jet pumps are suitable for shallow wells, while submersible and double-drop jet pumps are better suited for deep wells.

  2. Flow Rate: The required flow rate, measured in gallons per minute (GPM), will depend on the intended use of the water. Submersible pumps generally offer the highest flow rates, up to 1000 GPM, while centrifugal and jet pumps have lower flow rate capabilities.

  3. Pressure Head: The pressure head, measured in feet, is the maximum height the pump can lift the water. Submersible pumps can handle pressure heads up to 600 feet, while centrifugal and jet pumps have lower pressure head capabilities.

  4. Power Input: The power input, measured in horsepower (HP), determines the energy consumption and performance of the pump. Submersible pumps can range from 1/2 HP to 200 HP, while centrifugal and jet pumps typically have lower power requirements.

  5. Energy Efficiency: Energy efficiency is an important consideration, as deep well pumps can be significant energy consumers. Submersible pumps are generally more energy-efficient than centrifugal or jet pumps, especially at higher pressure heads.

  6. Maintenance and Repair: Submersible pumps require more specialized maintenance and repair due to their submerged installation, which can be costly. Centrifugal and jet pumps are generally easier to maintain and repair, as they are located above the well.

  7. Water Quality: The water quality in the well can also influence the pump selection. Submersible pumps are better suited for handling water with higher levels of sediment or contaminants, as they are less susceptible to clogging or damage.

By considering these factors, you can select the most appropriate deep well pump for your specific application, ensuring reliable and efficient water delivery from your well.

Conclusion

Deep well pumps are essential for providing water from significant depths, and the choice of pump type depends on the well depth, flow rate, pressure head, and other key factors. Centrifugal, submersible, and jet pumps each have their own unique characteristics and are suitable for different applications. By understanding the technical specifications and considerations for each pump type, you can make an informed decision to meet your deep well water needs effectively.

References

  1. An uncertainty approach for Electric Submersible Pump modeling through Deep Neural Network, 2024.
  2. Increasing Energy Efficiency in Water Collection Systems by … – MDPI, 2018.
  3. Types of Well Pumps You Should Know – Forbes, 2023.
  4. Ultimate Guide to Well Pumps – Ready & Able Plumbing & HVAC.
  5. What data should be calculated when deep well submersible pump … – LinkedIn, 2017.