Cytosine is one of the derivatives of pyrimidine and is also one of the four nucleic acid bases in DNA and RNA.
The structure of cytosine is pyrimidine base with amonipyrimidine and pyrimidone all linked up into a single molecule. The molecule of cytosine is in a planar shape and in the DNA is a double helix forms a triple bond with the guanine.
Cytosine is seemed to be placed on one of the strands forming the chemical bonds along with the base guanine on the alternate strands being opposite. The bases in DNA have encoded various sequences for the genetic data of the cell. It functions with forming of triple bonds of hydrogen.
It is found in the nucleic acids and functioning on basis of its structure which is its derivation for, the pyrimidine and helps in getting the hereditary materials be controlled for all the living beings. In some also it helps play the role of a coenzyme that shall act in linkage with the rest enzymes in the reaction within the body.
Cytosine is not only found in the two of the nucleic acids stands namely DNA or RNA but can also be seen as a part of the nucleotide. The CTP kwon as the cytosine triphosphate does act as a co factor for the enzymes and is used to convert the phosphate into the adenosine triphosphate and again ADP to ATP which is adenine triphosphate with paring to guanine.
Other bases except cytosine of the nucleotides
Adenine
It has a chemical formula of C5H5N5 and an IPUPAC name of 9H-purin-6-amine.
Adenine is one of the two derivatives of purine and is one of the first to get mentioned when it comes to base. It parts up with thymine or uracil depending on the type of stands.
Adenine has a molecular mass of 135.13 g and it seems to be crystalline and varies from light yellow to white in colour. It solubility is zero in ethanol with being much soluble inside hot water and also in aqua ammonia. It has a density of 1.6g/cm.
When connected into DNA, a covalent bond is formed between deoxyribose sugar and the bottom left nitrogen. The remaining structure is called an adenine residue, as part of a larger molecule. Adenosine is adenine reacted with ribose, as used in RNA and ATP; deoxyadenosine is adenine attached to deoxyribose, as used to form DNA.
Guanine
The chemical formula for it is C5H5N5O and has its IPUPAC name as 2-amino-1H-purin-6(9H)-one.
Guanine is a purine derivative just like adenine and pairs up with cytosine during any process. It has a molar mass of 153 g and is seem to be soluble in water.
They in appearance are white amorphous solid and are sublime. They can decompose in the time of temperature being 360 degree and forms a triple bond while pairing with cytosine in the strands. The nucleoside of it is called guanosine. It is composed of carbon and nitrogen atoms, and occurring free or combined in such diverse natural sources as guano
Guanine–Wikipedia
Thymine
This base has a chemical formula of C5H6N2O2 and is also called as 5-methyluracil.
Thymine is a base in DNA and binds with adenine during any process inside of the strands. It forms double pairing with its compliment and has a melting point of 316 degree and molar mass of 126.11 g.
35% in assumption of the bases in the part of DNA are adenine; we can presume that 35% of the bases are thymine. It is made up of nitrogen just like rest and thymidine is its corresponding molecule. It is also said to be linked up via chemical to the sugar deoxyribose.
Uracil
It has C4H4N2O2 as its chemical formula with the IUPAC name as Pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione and is soluble in water.
It is denoted by the letter U and is exclusive to the nucleic acid strand of RNA. Inside the RNA it is supposed to compliment with adenine along with having its linkage via two hydrogen molecule.
Uracil is a demethylated version of thymine and replaces the place of thymine within RNA. It is useful in carrying out synthesis and also helps in many of the cell functions with bonding via phosphates and ribose. It is soluble in water and is helpful to plants as well.
Structure of cytosine
Cytosine is said to be made of three full atoms of nitrogen. It in addition also has one carbon ring that builds it up as pyrimidine.
Cytosine being one of the derivative and base of nucleoside it has a ring which is heterocyclic aromatic and has linked with it two of the substituents to it. An amine bunch is kept at the fourth place and keto at the 2nd place.
The structure of cytosine along with another pyrimidine being thymine is smaller in shape having only one ring while the purines are bigger and have two rings. It is a derivative of pyrimidine forming the ring shape. The nucleoside of the base cytosine is cytidine. The model of Watson and Crick say it has triple paring with cytosine.
Each of the bases in nucleic acid is combined with the help of hydrogen bond along with a specific partner to help its function take place and is referred to as complimentary base pairing. Thus, for this cytosine also pairs up with the base of guanine and form a triple bond with it to link up while adenine pairs with thymine or uracil having two bonds.
It is one of those types of bases that are made to take part in the molecule of the nucleic acid. Any of the nucleic acid is made up of carbon sugar that is five in number and is bound to the phosphoric acid and is kept with one nitrogenous base. It is attached with a phosphoric acid and also with a base of nitrogen.
DNA is genetic material for the entire living organism that has a link of phosphate and to which the base of cytosine is linked up or any of the three bases that on lining together forms a complimentary base. The cytidine is a subunit of structure ribonucleic acid that has the sugar ribose and cytosine.
An ester of triphosphoric acid and cytidine is cytidine triphosphate and is a product that is used up by the cell to generate units of cytidylic acid within the ribonucleic acids. CTP is also said to react with nitrogen that have alcohol in them and makes coenzymes that shall participate in the making of the phospholipids.
Structure of cytosine–Wikipedia
Complementary base pairing
The general approach of the arrangement of the bases in the nucleotides with respect to the alternate stands in complimentary.
The concept of complementary base pairing reacts with the method of lock and key also following its principle. It describes the way the bases in the stands of DNA and RNA get to align with each other.
Complementary base pairing is the method where guanine is always seem to link with cytosine and then thymine in DNA adds up with adenine. Guanine and cytosine share a bond of hydrogen that is triple in its structure and thymine an adenine have a double bond. In RNA, adenine links with uracil. A base pair is one of the pairs A-T or C-G and also that each base pair consists of a purine and a pyrimidine.
This phenomenon is also held responsible for the way the DNA has its double helix form. This is a rule set that is used to pair up the bases in the stands to help them function according to their way and then make the molecule of the nucleic acid stable. The molecules are made up of small bits of monomers called the nucleotides. The nucleotides in a base pair are complementary which means their shape allows them to bond together with hydrogen bonds.
DNA is hereditary material for the whole living organic entity that has a connection of phosphate and to which the foundation of cytosine is connected up or any of the three puts together that with respect to covering together structures a free base. Hydrogen bonds are not chemical bonds. They can be easily disrupted. This permits the DNA strands to separate for transcription (copying of DNA to RNA) and replication (copying of DNA to DNA)
Free base matching is the strategy where guanine is consistently appearing to connect with cytosine and afterward thymine in DNA accumulates with adenine. Guanine and cytosine share an obligation of hydrogen that is triple in its design and thymine an adenine have a double fold bond. In simple words, the entire base pair structure is represented by the single blue rod. Various more elaborate models can be constructed to represent base pairs, including the one above which shows individual atoms and bonds.
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I am Ankita Chattopadhyay from Kharagpur. I have completed my B. Tech in Biotechnology from Amity University Kolkata. I am a Subject Matter Expert in Biotechnology. I have been keen in writing articles and also interested in Literature with having my writing published in a Biotech website and a book respectively. Along with these, I am also a Hodophile, a Cinephile and a foodie.
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