SnF3 is the halogenated complex of Sn, where the central metal atom contains a negative charge. Let us discuss SnF3in this article.
SnF3 is the metal halogenated complex where an octet of Sn is not satisfied because it has four unpaired electrons and surrounding atoms are three, SnF3 due to one lone electron there will be a negative charge present over the central atom. So, it is not a neutral molecule, it has a non-zero formal charge.
The shape of the molecule is tetrahedral but it adopts trigonal-planar geometry. In the following part of the article, we should discuss the basic property of the SnF3 like oxidation state, radius, melting point, boiling point, etc.
1. SnF3 IUPAC name
SnF3 is known as stannous trifluoride as per its IUPAC name. Actually, in the IUPAC nomenclature system, three is designated as tri and “de” is used for the suffix when halogen is present as an anionic part. The anionic part always comes after the cationic part and the cationic part is here stannous.
2. SnF3 chemical formula
The chemical formula of stannous trifluoride is SnF3, as the atomic symbol of tin is Sn and for fluorine is F. By the chemical formula, we have to check the stoichiometric ratio of the element, here one tin is attached to three fluorine, so the correct chemical formula should be SnF3.
3. SNF3 CAS number
7783-47-3 is the CAS number of SnF3 which is given by the chemical abstract service and with the help of this number we can get to know the physical property of the molecule.
4. SNF3 ChemSpider ID
22956 is the Chem spider ID for SnF3 which is given by the royal society of chemistry.
5. SNF3 chemical classification
SnF3 is classified into the following categories,
- SnF3 is a metal halogenated compound
- SnF3 is lewis acid
- SnF3 is an electrolyte
- SnF3 is an inorganic covalent molecule
6. SNF3 molar mass
SnF3 has a molar mass of 175.7050 g/mol because there are one tin element and three fluorine atoms present, so we just add the atomic mass of those four elements. The atomic mass of Sn is 118.71 and for fluorine 18.99 each. So, the molar mass of SnF3 is 175.7505 + (18.99*3) = 175.7052 g/mol.
7. SNF3 color
Generally, SnF3 is colorless because in the neutral form there is no electron density flowing from the p orbital of Sn to the p orbital of fluorine. If there is transition occurs then it will be very high energy and the corresponding wavelength falls not in the visible region that’s why it appears to be colorless.
8. SnF3 viscosity
The viscosity of SnF3 is 0.01780 poise at 235°C to 0.01196 poise at 458°C. Viscosity is one kind of frictional force that can be applied to the liquid form of SnF3. It can be calculated by the formula, F = µA(u/y), where F is the applied force, µ is the viscosity, A is the area, and (u/y) is the rate of deformation.
9. SnF3 molar density
SnF3 has a molar density near 2 exactly 1.96 g/L because it has a molar mass of 175.75 g/mol and divided by the total volume of those four atoms, the volume of any gaseous molecule is 22.4 L as per Avagaro’s calculation, so the atomic density of SnF3 is 175.75/(22.4*4) = 1.96 g/L.
10. SnF3 melting point
SnF3 has a melting point of 2190C or 492K due to its crystalline structure and the crystal is strong in nature so there is a strong van der Waal force of attraction so we need more energy to break the crystal for liquid.
11. SnF3 boiling point
SnF3 has a higher boiling point like 8500C or 1123K due strong covalent bond in the liquid state. Fluoride ion can form strong h-bond within their liquid state as it has smaller size and higher electronegativity so there is more energy required to break those bond and gets boiled.
12. SnF3 state at room temperature
SnF3 is solid at room temperature because its melting point is above 2000C temperature, so its crystal can survive at room temperature. The van der waal’s force of attraction within the crystal is very strong so it cannot break at room temperature.
13. SnF3 covalent bond
SnF3 has three covalent bonds, where all the fluorine atoms are attached to central Sn via sp3 hybridization. There are Sn, as well as fluorine atoms, share their electrons to construct the covalent bond, all bonds are formed by the sharing of electrons. Due to the s and p orbital Sn, it undergoes hybridization.
14. SNF3 covalent radius
Being a covalent molecule SnF3 has a covalent radius which a value is 176 pm. This is the summation of the radius of the central Sn atoms with the surrounding fluorine atoms. A covalent radius is corresponding to van der Waal’s radius where all the atoms are considered spheres and calculated by their radius.
15. SnF3 electron configurations
Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in a particular shell having a particular quantum number of an element. Let us find the electron configuration of SNF3.
The elements Sn and fluorine have electronic configurations, [Kr]4d105s25p2 and [He]2s22p5 but SnF3 has three bond pairs and nine lone pairs, each fluorine contains three lone pairs. In the molecular form we can predict only the bond pairs and lone pairs.
16. SnF3 oxidation state
The oxidation state of SnF3 for the central Sn atom is +3 because here we predict the oxidation state of the central atom. All surrounding atoms of fluorine has a +1 oxidation. As there is one bond present between each Sn and fluorine atom in SnF3. So, one electron for each fluorine atom, and three for Sn are being used.
17. SnF3 acidity/alkaline
SnF3 is strong lewis acid because it has a vacant 5d orbital where it can accept electrons density or electrons and due to the presence of three electronegative F atoms, they pulled electron density from the Sn and it becomes electropositive so it accepting more electrons and acts as lewis acid.
18. Is SnF3 odorless?
SNF3 is an odorless gaseous molecule, so it does not have any characteristic odor in it.
19. Is SnF3 paramagnetic?
The paramagnetic nature of a molecule depends on the availability of unpaired electrons in the valence shell. Let us see whether SNF3 is paramagnetic or not.
SnF3 is paramagnetic because there is one unpaired electron present in the valence 5p orbital of Sn, and three electrons are involved in the bond formation. But in the cationic or anion form, there will be no unpaired electrons present, all the electrons are paired up, and then it becomes diamagnetic.
20. SnF3 hydrates
In the SnF3 molecule, some hydrated parts are present due to the electronegative fluorine atoms, they can form H-bond with the water molecule, so it can be attached to the water molecules in the crystal and for this reason, the crystal is strong in nature.
21. SnF3 crystal structure
SnF3 adopts tetragonal crystal in its lattice form at solid-state up to 3000C temperature. So, we can see that the nature of the crystal is very strong enough for SnF3. Actually, due to the presence of a hydrated part, the nature of the crystal is strong.
22. SnF3 polarity and conductivity
SnF3 is conductive and polar in nature. Although it is a covalent molecule due to the formation of highly charged particles Sn2+and three F– it can carry electricity very easily. Also, due to its asymmetric shape, there is a permanent dipole-moment presence that makes it polar.
23. SnF3 reaction with acid
SnF3 is itself an acid so it reacts very little with the specific acid molecule, where the acidity of those molecules is very high even though it forms a 3 :1 complex with a certain compound.
SnF3 + N(CH3)3 = [N(CH3)3]3SnF3
24. SnF3 reaction with base
As SnF3 is strong lewis acid so it can react easily with lewis base and form an adduct and complex.
SnF3 + NH3 = SnF3-NH3
25. SnF3 reaction with oxide
SnF3 can react with metal oxide as they are basic in nature and SnF3 is a lewis acid and formed different complexes and also forms the stannous oxide with different valency.
SnF3 + HgO = SnO
SnF3 + MnO2 = SnO2
26. SnF3 reaction with the metal
SnF3 reacts with metal with higher reduction potential and that metal displaces the Sn from its fluoride form.
SnF3 + M (transition metal) = Sn +MF3
SnF3 + M + H2O = MF3 + Sn(OH)2
Conclusion
SnF3 is a metal halogenated complex although Sn belongs to a group14 of the carbon family it has a metallic character for being a higher congener of that group, Sn does not have catenation property and due to the inert pair effect, it can show +2 valency which is more stable. SnF3 can be used as a reducing agent also as it can accept more electrons.
Read more following properties
Hi……I am Biswarup Chandra Dey, I have completed my Master’s in Chemistry from the Central University of Punjab. My area of specialization is Inorganic Chemistry. Chemistry is not all about reading line by line and memorizing, it is a concept to understand in an easy way and here I am sharing with you the concept about chemistry which I learn because knowledge is worth to share it.