Silver chloride is an electrolytic salt of silver that can be used in different electrodes. Let us explore silver chloride in detail.
Silver chloride is a unique salt that is formed by the reaction of weak base silver hydroxide and strong acid hydrochloric acid. The solubility product of silver chloride is very high so it is more soluble in water and due to the lower ionic product it does not precipitate.
All the 4d electrons of silver are involved so it has higher ionic potential and the effective nuclear charge will be high. Now we discuss some basic properties of silver chloride like melting or boiling point, oxidation state, reaction tendency, density, and viscosity in the following part of the article.
1. Silver chloride IUPAC name
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) gives the name for AgCl as silver(I) chloride.
2. Silver chloride chemical formula
AgCl is the chemical formulation of silver chloride where silver is known as Ag and chloride is Cl.
3. Silver chloride CAS number
7783-90-6 is stand for the CAS (up to the ten-digit numeric value given by Chemical Abstract Service) number of silver chloride.
4. Silver chloride Chem Spider ID
22967 is the Chem Spider ID (given by the Royal Society of Chemistry) for silver chloride.
5. Silver chloride chemical classification
Silver chloride can be classified into the following categories,
- Silver chloride is an inorganic ionic salt
- Silver chloride is an electrolyte
- Silver chloride is a reference electrode
6. Silver chloride molar mass
Silver chloride has 143.32 g/mol as molar mass where the atomic mass of silver is 107.86 and the atomic mass of chlorine is 35.453.
7. Silver chloride color
Silver chloride is white in color at normal temperature but upon heating, on kept in the open air, it turns brown due to the dissociation of molecules to form silver and chlorine gas.
8. Silver chloride viscosity
Solid silver chloride has 0 viscosity as the property is only for fluid exerting the frictional force.
9. Silver chloride molar density
The molar density of the solid silver chloride is 55.56 g/cm3 .
10. Silver chloride melting point
The temperature required for the melting of solid silver chloride is 4550C or 728K.
11. Silver chloride boiling point
The boiling temperature for silver chloride is 15470C or 1820K because it has a strong van der Waal attraction force.
12. Silver chloride state at room temperature
Silver chloride exists in solid crystalline form at room temperature.
13. Silver chloride ionic bond
There will be an ionic bond present between silver and chlorine in the silver chloride molecule because silver has a higher number of d electrons and its ionic potential will be high and it can easily polarize the anion and silver give one electron and chlorine accept that electron.
14. Silver chloride ionic radius
The ionic radius of silver and chlorine are 126 pm and 181 pm respectively.
15. Silver chloride electron configurations
Electronic configurations are the arrangement of electrons by their number and position. Let us discuss the electronic configuration for AgCl.
- The electronic configuration of silver is [Kr]4d1051
- The electronic configuration of Chlorine is [Ne]3s23p5
- The electronic configuration of a molecule or complex is unpredictable.
- So, here we predict the electronic configuration of the constituent atoms.
16. Silver chloride oxidation state
The oxidation state of the silver in silver chloride is +1 because it exists as Ag+ and the oxidation state of the Chlorine is -1 because it exists as chloride or Cl–.
17. Silver chloride acidity/alkaline
Silver chloride is neither acidic nor alkaline rather it is an ionic salt that is acidic in nature due to being formed by strong acid.
18. Is silver chloride odorless?
Silver chloride is an odorless molecule, it has no characteristics of smell.
19. Is silver chloride paramagnetic?
Paramagnetism is a property depending on the availability of the number of unpaired electrons. Let us see whether silver chloride is paramagnetic or not.
Silver chloride is diamagnetic instead of paramagnetic as the Silver is +1 oxidation state so it donates one electron and it has filled 4d orbital so there is no unpaired electron present. The magnetic susceptibility value of silver chloride is −49.0·10−6 cm3/mol.
20. Silver chloride hydrates
There is no hydrated part present with the lattice crystal of the molecule as the solubility of silver chloride is very high.
21. Silver chloride crystal structure
The crystal structure of the silver chloride is halite in the lattice form and adopted a face-centered cubic structure where each silver ion is surrounded by the six chloride ligands in the octahedron moiety and for this reason, the lattice structure is very strong for silver chloride.
22. Silver chloride polarity and conductivity
Silver chloride is polar and conductive in nature and the supporting reasons are,
- The molecule can be ionized in the Ag+ and Cl–. Both ions are highly conductive and have higher mobility
- Silver chloride is rapidly soluble in water to get dissociation into ions.
- The dipole moment of AgCl flows from Cl– to Ag+.
- Due to the linear geometry, there is no way of cancellation of dipole-moment in AgCl.
Dipole-Moment
23. Silver chloride reaction with acid
There is no such reaction found in silver chloride with an acidic molecule as it can be ionized easily so it is soluble in acid. But sometimes it reacts with nitric acid and gives silver nitrate by the displacement reaction.
HNO3 + AgCl = AgNO3 + HCl
24. Silver chloride reaction with base
Silver chloride can react with lewis bases like ammonia to form a complex silver diammonium ion along with chloride ion.
AgCl + NH3 = [Ag(NH3)2]+ Cl–
Ammonia serves as a soft ligand in this reaction and the molecule has crystal field stabilization.
25. Silver chloride reaction with oxide
Silver nitrate can react with metallic oxide or superoxide to form tri or tetra-coordinated molecules adopting trigonal planar or tetrahedral geometry.
AgCl + As2O3 = AgAsO3 + AsCl
26. Silver chloride reaction with metal
Silver chloride does not react with other metals due to a higher reduction potential than other transition metal element. Sometimes it reacts with another metallic complex of copper and platinum.
Conclusion
Silver chloride is a borderline metal molecule, where the silver has filled the d orbital and for this reason, it is inert to many reactions. It is mainly used in the reference electrode and also used in redox electrodes where potassium chloride is taken for the electrolyte. The standard electrode reduction potential for silver chloride is .230 and if we add a trace amount of bromide then the value goes negative.
Hi……I am Biswarup Chandra Dey, I have completed my Master’s in Chemistry from the Central University of Punjab. My area of specialization is Inorganic Chemistry. Chemistry is not all about reading line by line and memorizing, it is a concept to understand in an easy way and here I am sharing with you the concept about chemistry which I learn because knowledge is worth to share it.
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