Niobium is an element present in the periodic table. In this editorial, we will discuss the chemical properties of niobium element.
Niobium element is used as an alloy in the steel industry for the manufacturing of steel, rockets, jet engines, oil rigs, gas pipelines etc. It also shows the superconducting properties.
Let us discuss the chemical properties of niobium element such as atomic number, group, period, symbol, electronegativity and many other related facts.
Niobium symbol
The notation of an element or an atom is the symbol of that element or atom. Let us see what the symbol of Niobium is.
The atomic symbol of Niobium element is ‘Nb’.
Niobium group in the periodic table
The columns drawn vertically in the periodic table are called groups. Let us see in which group Niobium element is placed.
Niobium is present in the 5th group of the periodic table. 5th group is also represented as group VB.
Niobium period in the periodic table
The rows drawn horizontally in the periodic table are called periods. Let us see in which period Niobium element is placed.
Niobium element is placed in the 5th period of the periodic table.
Niobium block in the periodic table
The block in the periodic table shows the differentiation of elements in the periodic table. Let us identify the block in which niobium resides.
Niobium element resides in the ‘d-block’ of the periodic table.
Niobium atomic number
The atomic nucleus contains protons. The number of protons in an atom is the atomic number (Z), also known as a nuclear charge. Let us see what the atomic number of Niobium is.
The atomic number of the Niobium element is 41 i.e. 41 protons are present inside the nucleus of Niobium element.
Niobium atomic Weight
The usual ratio of atoms present in an element is known as atomic weight or molecular weight. Let us discuss the atomic weight of Niobium.
Niobium has an atomic weight of 92.90638 u.
Niobium Electronegativity according to Pauling
The efficiency of an atom to attract the bonding electron pairs of other atoms is called its electronegativity. Let us see what the electronegativity value of Niobium is.
The electronegativity value of Niobium is 1.6 as per the Linus Pauling electronegativity scale.
Niobium atomic Density
The number of atoms present per unit volume of an element is called the atomic density of that element. Let us discuss the atomic density of Niobium.
The atomic density of Niobium is 8.57 g/cm3.
Niobium melting point
The substance melts at a specific temperature called its melting point. Let us see the melting point of niobium.
Niobium element has a melting point value of 2477 degree Celsius i.e. 2750 K or 4491 degrees faraday.
Niobium boiling point
Any substance in its liquid state starts to boil at a specific temperature called its boiling point. Let us identify the boiling point of niobium.
Niobium element has a boiling point value of 4744 degrees Celsius i.e. 5017 K or 8571 degrees faraday.
Niobium Vanderwaals radius
The distance of nuclei of 2 atoms of an element held together by Vander Waals force of attraction is called Vander Waals radius. Let us explore the Vander Waals radius of Niobium.
The Vander Waals radius of the atoms of Niobium element is 207 pm.
Niobium ionic radius
The ionic radius of an ion is the distance between the ionic nucleus and its valence shell electrons of the last orbital. Let us see the ionic radius of Niobium.
Niobium ion has an ionic radius of 0.69 Å (Armstrong unit).
Niobium isotopes
The atoms of the same elements containing an equal number of protons but an unequal number of neutrons are known as isotopes. Let us see the number of isotopes niobium has.
Niobium element has about 34 isotopes. Nb-41 is a natural niobium element and is considered as an isotope. Some of the isotopes of Niobium elements are explained in below table:
| Isotopes of Nb | Characters |
| Niobium – 93 (93Nb) | Most stable isotope of Nb. |
| Niobium – 92 (92Nb) | A most stable radioactive isotope of Nb. |
| Niobium – 94 (94Nb) | Long-lived isotope of Nb. |
| Niobium – 91 (91Nb) | Isotope with 680 years half-life period of Nb |
| Niobium – 90 (90Nb) | Isotope with 14.6 hours half-life period of Nb |
| Niobium – 95 (95Nb) | Isotope with 35 days half-life period of Nb and used as a nuclear fuel. |
| Niobium – 96 (96Nb) | Isotope with 23.4 hours half-life period of Nb. |
| Niobium – 97 (97Nb) | Isotope with 72 minutes half-life period of Nb |
Niobium electronic shell
The outer part of an atom around its nucleus in which the electrons get rotated is called the electronic shell or orbit of that atom.
The electronic shell or orbit of Niobium atom is 2, 8, 18, 12, 1.
Niobium energy of first ionization
The prerequisite energy to eradicate the high-energy electron of a neutral molecule is called the 1st ionization energy. Let us see what the 1st ionization energy of Nb is.
The first ionization energy of Niobium atom is 652.13 kJ / mol.
Niobium energy of second ionization
The prerequisite energy to remove the electron from +1 ion (2nd electron) is called the 2nd ionization energy. Let us see what the 2nd ionization energy of Niobium atom is.
The second ionization energy of Niobium atom is 1381.68 kJ / mol.
Niobium energy of third ionization
The prerequisite energy to remove the electron from +2 ions (3rd electron) is called the 3rd ionization energy. Let us see what the 3rd ionization energy of Niobium atom is.
The third ionization energy of Niobium atom is 2416.01 kJ / mol.
Niobium oxidation states
The atom loses or gains its electron to form a bond and has a positive or negative charge called its oxidation state or number. Let us discuss how many oxidation states Niobium has.
Niobium atom shows oxidation states of -3, -1, 0, +2, +3, +4, +5, etc.
Niobium electron configurations
The electron distribution in the orbital of an atom around its nucleus is called its electronic configuration. Let us see what the electronic configuration of Niobium is.
The electronic configuration of Niobium element is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 4d4 5s1 or [Kr] 4d4 5s1
Niobium CAS number
A registered unique identification number for a chemical assigned by the U. S. Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS) is the CAS number. Let us see what the CAS number for niobium is.
The CAS number of Niobium is 7440-03-1.
Niobium ChemSpider ID
ChemSpider ID is the ID provided by the Royal Society of Chemistry for each compound. Let us see the ChemSpider ID of Niobium.
The ChemSpider ID of Niobium element is 22378.
Niobium chemical classification
The elements are classified in the periodic table as per their chemical properties. Let us discuss in which class niobium gets classified as a chemical element.
Niobium element is classified as a transition element and comes under d-block elements.
Niobium state at room temperature
The chemical compounds show their state of matter like solid, liquid or gas to which they belong at room temperature. Let us see the state of Nb element at room temperature.
Niobium is a solid metallic element at room temperature.
Is Niobium paramagnetic?
Paramagnetic elements are those which contain unpaired electrons and are attracted to the magnetic fields. Let us see whether Niobium is paramagnetic or not.
Niobium is a paramagnetic element as it contains one unpaired electron in its outer shell orbital.
Conclusion
Niobium is a d-block transition metal element and solid at room temperature. It is present in the 5th group and period of the periodic table. Its atomic number is 41 and has an atomic weight of 92.90638 u. The electronegativity value of niobium is 1.6.
Hello everyone, I am Dr. Shruti M Ramteke, I did my Ph.D. in chemistry. I am passionate about writing and like to share my knowledge with others . Feel free to contact me on linkedin
Hi Fellow Reader,
We're a small team at Techiescience, working hard among the big players. If you like what you see, please share our content on social media. Your support makes a big difference. Thank you!