MgI2 Lewis Structure& Characteristics: 17 Complete Facts

MgI2 is a chemical compound with different solid properties. Let us take a look at some facts regarding the MgI2 lewis structure.

MgI2 is commonly known as the magnesium iodide or magnesium diiodide. Magnesium, which has an atomic mass of 24.31u, is one of the metals found in the alkaline earth. Iodine with an atomic mass of 126.9u is a non-metal in the halogen group. They combine to create the chemical MgI2.

MgI2 is a typically white crystalline solid and present in different hydrous and anhydrous forms. Let us discuss in more detail the MgI2 lewis structure, hybridization, valence electrons, polarity, and solubility.

How to draw the MgI2 lewis structure?

Lewis structure depicts covalent bonding and the position of unshared electron pairs. The following are the steps for drawing the MgI2 Lewis structure:

Counting the total number of valence electrons in MgI2

The total number of valence electrons is 2+7*2=16. The valence electrons of the MgI2 Lewis structure include one Mg atom and two iodine atoms. Mg only contains two valence electrons, whereas iodine has seven. Therefore, the respective ions are Mg2+ and 2I-, and both are depicted as ionic bonding.

Find out the central atom in MgI2

The central atom is magnesium(Mg) in the MgI2 lewis structure because it is the least electronegative(E.N) atom. Mg is metal and has an electropositive nature, whereas Iodine is a nonmetal and has an E.N character.

Draw the compound’s skeleton structure.

Place the magnesium atom as the central atom in the structure of MgI2. In the Lewis structure of MgI2, an iodine atom surrounds the magnesium atom. Magnesium and iodine are joined together through a single bond. In this case, 4 electrons will be taken out of the total amount of valence electrons.

But there is no such covalent bond between magnesium and iodine because these are metal and non-metal that gives an ionic compound. 

Complete the octet electron count.

Out of the 16 valence electrons, 4 are in the Mg-I bond. Assign the remaining 12 electrons in the outermost shell of iodine to complete the octet.

Final lewis structure

In MgI2, Mg, a metal, refers to the idea that there are only two electrons available for bonding. Iodine is a nonmetal covalently bonded and accepts an electron from Mg.  This will be shown below in the picture:

mgi2 lewis structure
MgI2 lewis structure

MgI2 lewis structure resonance

Resonance is the delocalization of lone pairs of electron clouds within a molecule and generates different skeletal structures. Let us talk about the MgI2 resonance.

MgI2 does not have any resonance structure. Because the central atom doesn’t have any lone pairs. In MgI2, no vacant orbitals for electrons to move.

MgI2 lewis structure shape

Every molecule bases its structure or shape on its surrounding environment. Let us discuss MgI2 lewis structure shape.

MgI2 has a linear shape. The MgI2 molecules have a linear molecular shape as a result of the absence of electrical repulsion between them. The l-Mg-l bond produces a 180-degree angle.

  • The linear MgI2 molecular geometry has two Mg-l bonds. 
  • The magnesium atom does not contain any lone pairs of electrons.
  • Electron geometry of MgI2 =  linear. 
  • Molecular geometry of MgI2 = linear.

MgI2 bond angle

The molecular geometry and structure of a compound affect its bond angles. Let us talk about the MgI2 bond angles.

The bond angle of the MgI2 lewis structure is 180 degrees. It is because the structure of MgI2 is comparable to that of CS2.

MgI2 valence electrons

Atoms participate in chemical reactions by releasing their outermost electron, known as valence electrons. Let us find the valence electron in MgI2.

MgI2 has a total of 16 valence electrons. In the periodic table, Magnesium is in the second group and Iodine is in the 17th. The electronic configuration of Magnesium is [Ne]3s2 and that of iodine is [Kr]4d105s25p5.

  • The valence electron of MgI2 lewis structure:
  • Magnesium = 2
  • iodine = 7*2=14
  • Total valence electrons = 2 + 14 = 16

MgI2 lewis structure formal charge

Molecules have formal charges, which are used as an example of the way those charges will appear within them. Let us find the MgI2 formal charge.

The formal charge on the MgI2 molecule is zero. Because metal and nonmetal combine to make MgI2 ionic. Calculate formal charge is as follows: Formal charge of MgI2 = number of valence electron- nonbonding electron -½bonding electron.

  • The formal charge on the central atom (Mg) =2-0-2 =0
  • The formal charge on surrounding atom iodine =7-6-1=0
  • Total formal charge on MgI2 lewis structure = 0

MgI2 lewis structure octet rule

The octet rule is the completion of an atom’s outer valence shell with eight electrons. Let us check if MgI2 follows the octet rule or not.

The octet rule is satisfied by the MgI2 Lewis structure, which has eight electrons in its outer shell.

  1. The valence shell of magnesium has two electrons. It loses two electrons from its valence shell when it bonds with two iodine atoms and gains the closest noble gas configuration.
  2. The valence shell of Iodine has seven electrons. After accepting one electron both iodine from magnesium, they satisfied the octet rule. Iodine now has eight valence electrons.

MgI2 lewis structure lone pairs

The lone pairs of electrons are the main reason to determine the molecule geometry distortion. Let us find the lone pairs on the MgI2 Lewis structure.

MgI2 lewis structure has Zero lone pairs on the magnesium atom. Using the formula below, calculate the lone pair on the Mg atom of the MgI2 molecule. Lone pair on Mg = valence electron on Mg – number of (Mg-l) bond/2.

  • Valence electron on Mg= 2
  • Mg-I bond =2
  • Lone pair = 2-2/2 =0

MgI2 hybridisation

Orbitals are combined during the hybridisation process to produce new orbitals with fundamentally different energies. Let us check the hybridisation of MgI2.

The hybridisation is Sp in the lewis structure of MgI2. This is due to the combination of one s-orbital with one p-orbital giving the Steric number two. These new orbitals have similar symmetry.

Is MgI2 solid?

A Solid is a substance that is rigid in its structure and has a definite shape. Let us see whether MgI2 is solid or not.

MgI2 is a crystalline solid. The mgi2 molecule is white in colour and odourless. It can be made by reacting HCl with MgO, MgCO3, and MgOH. 

Why and How is MgI2 solid?

MgI2 is solid because it can have a definite shape and structure. The melting point of this solid is different with different temperatures of 637°C and 41°C.

Is MgI2 soluble in water?

Halides are soluble in water according to the solubility rule. Let us check whether MgI2 is soluble in water or not.

MgI2 is highly soluble in water. MgI2 solubility depends upon different temperatures and in different forms.

  • 54.7 g mgi2/100 cm3 water (0 °C)
  • 148 g mgi2/100 cm3 water (18 °C)
  • 81 g mgi2/100 cm3 water (20 °C)

Why is MgI2 soluble in water?

MgI2 is water soluble because it is an ionic compound with Mg2+ and 2I- ions. Because they are oppositely charged, these ions are only sparingly soluble in water. Negatively charged ions attract the positive part and positively charged ions attract the negative part.

Is MgI2 polar or nonpolar?

The polarity or non-polarity of a molecule depends upon its dipole moment and arrangement of the atom. Let us find out whether the MgI2 molecule is polar or non-polar.

MgI2 is a non-polar molecule rather than polar. Geometry is symmetric because the central atom has no lone pairs Its linear geometry contains the cause of its nonpolar nature.

Why is MgI2 nonpolar?

MgI2 lewis structure is nonpolar. Because of the linear shape, the Mg-I bonds of the Mgi2 molecule are arranged in a symmetrical series. Two factors affect this: Electronegativity difference and Polarisability.

How is MgI2 nonpolar?

  • Since the two bonds in MgI2 have the same size and oppose one another, their sum is zero, making MgI2 polar. 
  • The difference in electronegativity between Mg2+ and 2I- is around 1.3.
  • Magnesium-iodine bonds, however, are more polarised in the iodine-directed direction.
  • Because magnesium is more electropositive than iodine.
  • As a result, the MgI2 molecule is categorised as a nonpolar molecule and MgI2 become nonpolar.

Is MgI2 a molecular compound?

A molecular compound refers to the covalent compound formed by sharing of electrons. Let us find out whether the MgI2 is molecular or not.

MgI2 is not a molecular substance. This is due to its characteristics, it is an ionic compound instead of a molecular one.

Why and how is MgI2 not a molecular compound?

MgI2 Lewis structure is not a molecule compound. Because magnesium is metal whereas Iodine is non-metal. The atoms involved in the bonding are opposing and poles apart. As a result, sharing cannot help them become close.

Is MgI2 an acid or base?

Depending on the ability to accept or donate electron pairs, acidity or basicity can be determined. Let us find out if MgI2 is acidic or basic in more detail.

MgI2 is a neutral compound neither acid nor base. The presence of metal and nonmetal, which combine to form a halide salt, also known as an inorganic salt, is what gives it its neutral nature.

Why and how is MgI2 neutral?

MgI2 is neutral because the pH of an aqueous solution containing a salt of a metal and a nonmetal would be 7, which is neutral. 

Is MgI2 an electrolyte?

Electrolytes are substances when dissolved in water or other chemicals that conducts electricity. Let us determine if MgI2 is an electrolyte or not.

MgI2 is an electrolyte. When water or another aqueous media is present, it can split into the corresponding ions Mg2+ and 2I-. It could be put on by the difference in electronegativity that comes with being ionic.

Why and how is MgI2 electrolyte?

MgI2 is an electrolyte because polymerization raises the electrolyte viscosity. Mg2+ ions are coated on the base metal to create a stable solid electrolyte. In the aqueous solution, MgI2 breaks down into ions and conducts electricity.

Is MgI2 a salt?

Salt is a chemical substance made up of cation and anion, however, it does not have any net charge. Let us see whether MgI2 is salt or not.

MgI2 is salt because it has different internal charges. As a result, it will split into the ions Mg2+ and 2I-. These are also known as salts of halides. The fact that ionic substances can separate into ions in any solvent causes them to behave like salts.

Is MgI2 ionic or covalent?

Cations lose electrons and anions acquire electrons in an ionic connection. Let us see whether MgI2 is ionic or covalent.

MgI2 is an ionic compound rather than covalent. It can be due to ionic bonds between magnesium and iodine exist. Iodine functions as an anion, while magnesium functions as a cation.

Why and how is MgI2 ionic?

MgI2 compound shows ionic bonding because of metal and nonmetal interaction. The two bonds in the mgi2 molecule adopt a linear form that places them far enough as possible once allowed, on the opposing ends of the mg atom.

Conclusion

Magnesium iodide or magnesium diiodide are two names for MgI2. A crystalline solid, MgI2 is. The MgI2 Lewis structure has 16 valence electrons. The position of unshared electron pairs and covalent bonds are shown in the MgI2 Lewis structure. There are no lone pairs of electrons in the magnesium atom.

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