Francium Chemical Properties (25 Complete Facts)

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Francium(Fr) is one of the naturally occurring elements with the highest degree of instability. Let us study some facts about Francium.

Francium (Fr) behaves as a radioactive element in the periodic table since it lacks chemical or physical characteristics. It has atomic number 87 and its mass is 233 g.mol-1. 

Let us look at some chemical characteristics of francium in detail below, including its melting temperature, boiling point, ionisation energy, and oxidation state.

Francium symbol

In the Periodic Table of Elements, differentiating one element from another requires the use of a code. Let us look at the atomic symbol for Francium.

The chemical element Francium has the symbol Fr in the periodic table.

Francium group in periodic table

An elemental column represents a group in the periodic table. Let us identify which Group of Francium it belongs to.

Group 1 (Hydrogen and Alkali metals) of the periodic table is where Francium is located.

Francium period in periodic table

Periods are the rows that make up the periodic table. Let us find out where the Francium is located in the periodic table.

Francium elements are found in the 7th period of the Modern Periodic Table.

Francium block in periodic table

The periodic table defines a block as a grouping of elements. Let us find out where the Francium is located.

Francium is included in the periodic table’s s-block (Alkali metal group).

Francium atomic number

The quantity of protons or electrons that make up a nucleus is known as its atomic number. Let us look up the atomic weight of francium.

The atomic number(Z) of the Francium atom is Z = 87.

Francium atomic Weight

A chemical element’s atomic weight is determined by dividing its average atomic mass by a standard value. Let us check Francium’s atomic weight.

The Francium has an atomic weight of 223 g/mol.

Francium electronegativity according to Pauling

Electronegativity is a unit of measurement for an atom’s capacity to pull in two bonding electrons. Let us look at Francium’s electronegativity value.

Francium was found to have an electronegativity of 0.7 using the Pauling scale. It is considered to be the least electronegative element.

Francium atomic Density

The proportion of atoms of a particular kind in the material’s volume. Let us find out what Francium’s atomic density is.

According to estimates, the atomic density of the Francium element is closest to 2.48 g/cm3.

Francium melting point

The degree of heat at which something changes from a solid to a liquid. Let us check the melting point of Francium.

The melting point of francium is 21°C, 70°F, and 294 K. This is because of the element’s exceptionally rare and radioactivity.

Francium boiling point

For a particular temperature, boiling starts to occur at the saturation pressure. Let us determine the boiling point of francium.

Francium has a boiling point of 890 K or 620 °C,1150 °F.

Francium vanderwaals radius

The van der Waals radius is the size of a fictitious hard sphere that represents the distance between two atoms. Let us calculate the Francium’s radius.

Francium has a vanderwaals radius of 348 pm (1*10-12m).

Francium ionic radius

The ionic radius is the measurement of an atom’s size within a crystal lattice. Let us look at Francium’s ionic radius.

If Francium has a charge of +1, its ionic radius is 180 pm. Because it affects ions, ionic radius differs from atomic radius.

Francium isotopes

Isotopes are compounds that have neutron amounts that vary but protons that are evenly distributed. Let’s find out what Francium’s isotopes are.

Francium has 34 recognised isotopes, with atomic masses ranging from 199 to 232. Following is a list of the most common Francium isotopes:

  1. 212Fr
  2. 221Fr
  3. 215Fr
  4. 223Fr 

212Fr:

The half-life of francium-212 is 20.0 min minutes. It can produce radon-212 by absorbing an orbital electron or astatine-208 by emitting an alpha particle

221Fr:

The half-life of francium-221 is 4.8 minutes. The subsequent alpha decay of francium-221 results in astatine-217. 

215Fr:

Francium-215, which has a half-life of 0.12 seconds and undergoes a 9.54 MeV alpha decay to astatine-211, is the least stable ground state isotope.

223Fr:

Francium-223 has the longest half-life of all the francium isotopes, yet it only lasts for 22 minutes.

Francium electronic shell

The electron shell refers to regions with a specific number of electrons surrounding the atomic nucleus. Let us study Francium’s electronic shell.

The Francium’s electronic shell consists of 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1. This shell determined how Fr’s show the electronic configuration.

Francium energy of first ionisation

If the loosest electron is taken out of one mole of neutral gaseous atoms, one mole of gaseous ions will result. Let’s check Francium’s First Ionization Energy.

The first ionisation energy of francium is 3.8864 eV or 375 kJ mol-1. 

Francium energy of second ionisation

The energy required to remove the outermost, or least bonded, an electron from an element’s ion. Let us find the second Francium ionisation energy.

The energy of the second ionisation of francium is 21.7636 eV or 2100 kJ mol-1.

Francium energy of third ionisation

An electron can be removed from a 2+ ion with third ionisation energy. Let us find out what energy Francium ionises to in its third state.

The third ionisation energy of francium is 3100 kJ mol-1 or 32.1272 eV.

Francium oxidation states

If all of an atom’s connections to other atoms were ionic, their potential charge would be zero. Let us examine the oxidation state of francium.

Francium has an oxidation state of +1 the most stable.

Francium electron configurations

Electron configuration describes how electrons are distributed in an element’s atomic orbitals. Let us check the electronic configuration of Francium.

The entire electron configuration of Francium will be 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6,3d10,4s2, 4p6,5s2,4d10,5p6,6s2, 4f14,5d10,6p6,7s1or we can also write it as [Rn ]7s1.

Francium CAS number

A numerical designation known as a CAS number is given to chemical substances. Let us look up the Francium CAS number.

The CAS number of Francium is 7440-73-5.

Francium ChemSpider ID

A database of chemical data is called ChemSpider ID.  Let us check out the Francium ChemSpider ID.

The ChemSpider ID of Francium is 4886484.

Francium allotropic forms

Chemical elements can have two or more different physical states while yet being in the same form. Let us count the number of Francium allotropes.

In nature, Francium does not exist in any allotropic form.

Francium chemical classification

Chemical classification basics and provides a list of resources for in-depth help and direction.  Let us take a look at some of Francium’s chemical characteristics.

The following list of the chemical characteristics of francium:

  1. The radioactive element francium is an alkali metal.
  2. Only 24.5 g of natural francium may be found in the entire Earth’s crust at any given time.
  3. Francium is created by the alpha particle decay that occurs in uranium ore.
  4. The alkali metals series’ heaviest known member is francium.

Francium state at room temperature

A thermometer is used to determine the temperature of a space. Let us check the Francium’s temperature now.

When francium is at room temperature, it is solid. However, it transforms into a liquid as soon as it is heated slightly above room temperature.

Is Francium paramagnetic?

The electrical configuration’s paramagnetic feature is determined by the existence of unpaired electrons. Let us examine francium’s paramagnetic.

Francium is paramagnetic because it has radioactive properties.

Conclusion 

Francium is created in a nuclear reactor by reacting radium with neutrons. Protons can also be used to react to thorium to produce it. Of all the known elements, francium has the lowest electronegative potential.