Example of Eukaryotic Cell: Detailed Insights and Facts

Eukaryotes are any organism which contains a definite and clear nucleus. The cell of eukaryotes has a clear nuclear membrane.

Very common example of eukaryotic cell are the-

• Animal cell
• Plant cell
• Protists
• Fungi

These have well developed nucleus and organelles. Still, there are exceptions and the Monocercomonoides lack mitochondria and nucleus in the red blood cell.

The nuclear membrane of the nucleus surrounds it and consists of well-developed chromosomes which are the hereditary materials. All the example of eukaryotic cell consists of organelles.

These organelles includes mitochondria which is the energy cell, the Golgi apparatus which is a secretory device , an endoplasmic reticulum which is a canal like membrane system inside the cell and the last is lysosomes which are the suicidal bag.

Features of Eukaryotic cell

They very basic feature of the eukaryotes is the presence of an inside membrane that separates the DNA from the remaining of the cytoplasm.

The DNA in the eukaryotes is in general organized in more or only one long chain which is called the chromosomes.

The eukaryotes also have many other membranes within it which form many distinct surrounding that are subcellular. Each of the internal subcellular compartments is called organelles.

The organelles are able to get an optimum temperature for any definite process. This indicates that the eukaryotes are in general much more versatile and efficient than rest of the prokaryotes.

Single cell life

The entire organism that anyone is familiar with can be referred to as an example of eukaryotic cell.

The single celled organism consist of bacteria many other types of fungi and algae, the amoeba, the paramecia and the slime molds. The single cell has two units for its division.

The two units areone with no organelles and other with no nucleus. The two kingdoms are the eubacteria and archaebacteria. The kingdom of Protista has the most number of single celled and Fungi have both multi and single celled.

The entire organism which is single celled like the amoebae, paramecia and the yeast are all eukaryotes. Stating from the pine trees to that of the potatoes and limiting to grass all are classified to be eukaryotes.

Some of the common examples are flies, moles, tapeworms, algae, fruit flies and mushrooms.

Few common example of eukaryotic cell

Animal cell

The animal cell includes many various types of organelles that help them vary out specific functions.

Just like bacteria, the animal cell also has plasma membrane, DNA and cytoplasm. One might get to notice that the external and internal of the animal cell; looks a bit different from the one of bacteria.

All the animals ranging from fish, whales, cats, humans, arthropods including the domestic animals belong to the group for example of eukaryotes cell and its types.

In the terms of science, animals are often referred to as metazoans or the group members if the Kingdom Animalia. For more than all, this is the most common group of eukaryotes.

The animals have cell that have cell membranes but have no cell wall that is rigid just like the fungi, plants and some other protists. On considering them as a group they are much flexible, more mobile, and active part of the eukaryotic group with an exception of the coral that are present.

For the one in animal cell, they do not have any cell wall. To cover this up they have a cytoskeleton which is regarded as a network of filaments that gives support and helps in internal cell to cell transport.

On addition to it, many of the animal cell do have a nucleus and a special type of organelles which has the DNA stored. The DNA within the nucleus is the one which is generally organized inside the strings and is called as chromosomes.

The cytoplasm is the example of eukaryotic cell is filled up with various types of organelles which help the cells grow, live and then reproduce. These are many organelles that dwell in cytoplasm with the functions.

Golgi apparatus- they are used to modify, pack and sort all the proteins inside the transfer vesicles so that they can reach anywhere in the cell and can be secreted.

Vesicles- They are the tiny membranous sacs that helps the material gets transported inside the cell and can fuse with the membrane of cell to get the contents released.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum– These help in getting them separated from the nuclear membrane but then are in alignment with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. They do not have ribosomes and are in the site of lipid synthesis. They help in detoxification and help in in transportation of cell material.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum– they are continuous inside the outer layer of the nuclear envelope and include the embedded ribosomes on the external membrane. They help the cell in material transport and then segregate the protein newly made for the purpose of its transport by vesicles.

Ribosomes- They are indulged in synthesizing of proteins.

Mitochondria– this helps in generating of energy and converts adenosine diphosphate to adenosine triphsophate. This is also considered to be power house of the cell.

Centrosome– The materials of the pericentriolar and the centrioles within do play an important role for cell division and in building up of the microtubules.

Lysosomes- This also includes the peroxisomes and helps in getting rid of the waste with breaking down of the compounds and then getting the cell structured recycled.

Plant cell

They carry out the process of photosynthesis by the use of the organelles called chloroplast and do have cell wall.

Just mostly like the rest of the example of eukaryotic cell, plant cells also has there nucleus and stored their DNA within it. They are different from animals and many ways.

The very basic difference is that unlike the animal cells, the plant cells have a cell wall and are also much different from the one of the prokaryotic cells.

There are about 250,000 plant species ranging from the very mosses being simple to the eukaryotes being complex and also the hard flowering plants. The plant make more oxygen than they utilize from earth. 

The plant cell do have channels which are known as plasmodesmata which helps the cell to communicate from one cell to other by transporting ions, proteins, sugars and RNA.

The plant cells have cell walls which bear cellulose and also chloroplast. Plants use up chloroplast to turn up sunlight into fuel and then produce oxygen to be used up by the cell.

Both the animal and plant cells do possess mitochondria. This organelle uses up oxygen and glucose to get carried out with the process of creating of TP and respiration. ATP is a molecule which powers plant cell process.

On addition of the plant cell having mitochondria they also have chloroplast which are vital for the process of photosynthesis. In the process of photosynthesis, the plants uses up water, sun rays and carbon dioxide to make glucose.

This glucose is later on broken down with the help of a process called cellular respiration. Both chloroplast and mitochondria have their own separate DNA which is differentiated and distinct from the DNA possessed by the nucleus.

There is also a presence of another structure in plant cell but not in animal and is called the central vacuole. Inside the plant cells, the work of the central vacuole is to maintain the turgor pressure by having kept the large vacuole inside contained with water that shall help support the cell.

Comparison of Animal and Plant cell

Protists

They are the single celled eukaryotes and a good example of eukaryotic cell. On considering all the biology rules, there are exception too.

There are many types of seaweed which are tagged with the name of being protists despite having many cells. The protists contain quite a variety of organism.

Very few or some are not much related to each other. According to genetic research, there are reveals that say that protists have a minimum of ten groups similar to the other kingdoms.

To get a perspective of this, all the animals ranging from the worms to the humans, have been put in one kingdom. Some examples of eukaryotic cell protists consist of paramecium, amoeba, kelp and more.

Fungi

This example of eukaryotic cell is not similar to the rest. They can have many cells or exist in one. The scientists have once believed that the fungi were categorized to be a plant.

Moreover, considering the cell level they have quite a feature common to hat of the animals and plants. The first can be the cell wall is made of a protein called the chitin which is same as that of in the animal beetles but not plants.

The microscopic examples include the yeast that are used up to make wine, cheese and beer. The inclusions are also the organism that can cause ringworm and athlete foot. Much macroscopic examples can also include truffles and mushrooms.

Some parts of the eukaryotic cells are-

• Cytoplasmic reticulum– Also referred to as the cell membrane. It is semi permeable and separates all the within of the cell from the outside. They contain carbohydrates, phospholipids of two layers and proteins. The structure of the phospholipid is defined in the Fluid Mosaic model.  It helps the cell keep away from the cell and all injuries and helps in transport of molecules across membranes.
• Cell wall- It is a non-living structure and is rigid located outside the plasma membrane inside the fungi and the plant cells. It is absent in the animal eukaryotic cell. Different eukaryotes have different composition of the cell wall. Some of the objects in plats are pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. In fungi, it is mannans, calcium carbonate and galactans.
• Endoplasmic reticulum– They are a chain of tiny tubular leads. The space within the eukaryotic is divided by this and has two parts- the cytoplasm and luminal.  They are basically of two type- smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum. It is involved in lipid and protein synthesis. The rough reticulum helps in protein folding and transports it to the Golgi apparatus.
• Nucleus– This is the vital call organelle. It a structure of the soluble membrane with all the genetic information and is referred to as the brain of the cell. The nucleus is seen in almost all the example of eukaryotic cell. These also have an exception and are the sieve plant cells and the human red blood cells.
• Plastids– They is also the double membrane organelles seen in the plant cells. They include pigmented and are of the types chloroplast that have chlorophyll within them. The other includes leucoplast that are the colorless ones, chromoplasts which are the colour giving pigments.
• Ribosomes– These are the structures which are not bound by any membrane. They are also called as the protein factories as they are the main site for protein synthesis. They are made up of ribonucleic acids and the proteins. They also synthesize polypeptides.
• Mitochondria– These are the membrane bound organelles and are referred to as the power house of the cell. There are two membranes which are inner and outer. The inner part is divided into cristae and is semi permeable. Then the membrane divides lumen into outer and inner compartment.
• Lysosomes– These is located inside the Golgi apparatus and are vesicles with bounded membrane. They are the suicidal bags as they are basic in hydrolytic enzymes like the lipases, proteases and carbohydrates. They have an optimal ph. less than 7 for optimal activation. The main use of this is to let in digest proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids.

FAQs-

What is the ribosome type in eukaryotic cell?

The ribosomes are 80s type where the large subunit is 60s and the smaller part of of 40s.

Do eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles?

Yes, they do have organelles that are either single or soluble membrane bound.

How do the eukaryotes show movement?

They use up flagella and cilia for flexible movement of the cell.

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