Are Engine Oil Additives Any Good? The Truth Revealed

Are engine oil additives any good?

Engine oil additives are products that are designed to enhance the performance and longevity of your engine. They are typically added to your regular engine oil to provide additional benefits such as improved fuel efficiency, reduced friction, and better engine protection. However, the effectiveness of engine oil additives is a topic of debate among experts. While some people swear by them and claim to have experienced significant improvements in their engine’s performance, others argue that they are unnecessary and may even cause harm to your engine. It is important to note that not all engine oil additives are created equal, and their effectiveness can vary depending on the specific product and the condition of your engine. Before using any engine oil additive, it is recommended to do thorough research and consult with a trusted mechanic to determine if it is suitable for your vehicle.

Key Takeaways

Please note that the effectiveness of engine oil additives can vary depending on various factors, including the condition of your engine and the specific product used. It is always recommended to do thorough research and consult with a trusted mechanic before using any engine oil additives.

Understanding Engine Oil Additives

Definition of Engine Oil Additives

Engine oil additives are chemical compounds that are mixed with engine oil to enhance its performance and provide additional benefits. These additives are specifically designed to improve the lubricating properties of the oil, protect the engine from wear and tear, and enhance its overall performance.

Engine oil additives come in various forms and are formulated to address specific issues related to engine lubrication, cleanliness, and protection. They are typically blended with the base oil to create a specialized oil formulation that meets the specific requirements of different engines and operating conditions.

Types of Engine Oil Additives

There are several types of engine oil additives available in the market, each serving a specific purpose. Let’s take a look at some common types of additives and their functions:

1. Engine Oil Cleaners: These additives help to remove sludge, deposits, and contaminants from the engine, ensuring cleaner and smoother operation. They prevent the formation of harmful deposits that can affect engine performance and reduce fuel efficiency.

2. Engine Oil Stabilizers: These additives help to stabilize the viscosity of the oil, ensuring consistent lubrication and protection across a wide range of temperatures. They prevent the oil from thinning out at high temperatures or thickening at low temperatures, maintaining optimal engine performance.

3. Engine Oil Conditioners: These additives improve the overall condition of the engine by reducing friction and wear. They create a protective film on the engine parts, reducing metal-to-metal contact and minimizing wear and tear.

4. Engine Oil Supplements: These additives provide additional protection against engine wear, oxidation, and corrosion. They enhance the oil’s ability to withstand high temperatures and prevent the formation of harmful acids and sludge.

5. Engine Oil Performance Boosters: These additives are designed to enhance the performance of the engine by improving fuel efficiency, reducing emissions, and increasing power output. They optimize the combustion process and improve engine responsiveness.

6. Engine Oil Friction Reducers: These additives reduce friction between moving engine parts, minimizing energy loss and improving fuel efficiency. They help to reduce wear and tear, prolonging the engine’s lifespan.

7. Engine Oil Wear Protectors: These additives provide an extra layer of protection to the engine by forming a protective barrier on the metal surfaces. They reduce friction and wear, ensuring smooth operation and extending the engine’s life.

8. Engine Oil Viscosity Improvers: These additives improve the viscosity index of the oil, making it more resistant to changes in temperature. They ensure optimal lubrication and protection under varying operating conditions.

9. Engine Oil Detergents: These additives help to keep the engine clean by preventing the formation of deposits and sludge. They remove existing deposits and prevent the accumulation of harmful contaminants.

10. Engine Oil Anti-Wear Additives: These additives form a protective layer on the engine parts, reducing friction and wear. They minimize metal-to-metal contact and prevent premature engine failure.

11. Engine Oil Anti-Oxidants: These additives prevent the oxidation of the oil, which can lead to the formation of harmful acids and sludge. They extend the oil’s lifespan and maintain its performance over time.

12. Engine Oil Anti-Foaming Agents: These additives reduce the formation of foam in the oil, which can lead to poor lubrication and reduced engine performance. They ensure smooth oil flow and efficient lubrication.

13. Engine Oil Anti-Corrosion Additives: These additives protect the engine against corrosion and rust. They create a protective barrier on the metal surfaces, preventing the formation of harmful corrosive compounds.

Role of Engine Oil Additives in Engine Performance

Engine oil additives play a crucial role in enhancing engine performance and prolonging its lifespan. They provide several benefits that contribute to the overall efficiency and reliability of the engine. Some of the key roles of engine oil additives include:

1. Improved Lubrication: Engine oil additives enhance the lubricating properties of the oil, reducing friction between moving parts and minimizing wear and tear. This ensures smooth operation and optimal performance of the engine.

2. Enhanced Engine Cleanliness: Additives such as detergents and cleaners help to keep the engine clean by preventing the formation of deposits and sludge. This improves fuel efficiency, reduces emissions, and extends the life of the engine.

3. Increased Wear Protection: Engine oil additives with anti-wear properties create a protective layer on the engine parts, reducing friction and minimizing wear. This helps to prevent premature engine failure and prolong the engine’s lifespan.

4. Optimized Engine Performance: Additives like performance boosters and friction reducers improve fuel efficiency, increase power output, and enhance engine responsiveness. They optimize the combustion process and contribute to better overall engine performance.

5. Protection Against Oxidation and Corrosion: Additives with anti-oxidant and anti-corrosion properties protect the engine against the harmful effects of oxidation and corrosion. They maintain the oil’s performance and prevent damage to the engine.

The Pros and Cons of Engine Oil Additives

Benefits of Using Engine Oil Additives

Engine oil additives are products that are designed to enhance the performance and effectiveness of engine oil. They can provide various benefits to your engine, improving its overall performance and longevity. Let’s take a look at some of the key benefits of using engine oil additives:

1. Engine Performance Enhancers: Engine oil additives can improve the performance of your engine by reducing friction and wear. They contain special additives that create a protective layer on the engine’s moving parts, reducing friction and allowing them to operate more smoothly. This can result in improved horsepower, fuel efficiency, and overall engine performance.

For example, an engine oil friction reducer additive can reduce the friction between the engine’s components, allowing them to move more freely and efficiently. This can result in improved fuel economy and reduced wear on the engine.

1. Engine Lubrication Additives: Engine oil additives can enhance the lubrication properties of the oil, ensuring that all the engine’s moving parts are properly lubricated. This can help reduce friction and wear, preventing damage to the engine.

An engine oil viscosity improver additive, for instance, can improve the oil’s viscosity and ensure that it maintains its lubricating properties even under high temperatures. This can help protect the engine from wear and tear, especially during extreme operating conditions.

1. Engine Oil Cleaning: Some engine oil additives have cleaning properties that help remove deposits and sludge from the engine. These deposits can accumulate over time and negatively impact engine performance. By using an engine oil cleaner additive, you can effectively clean the engine and restore its optimal performance.

Engine oil detergents are commonly used additives that help remove harmful deposits and keep the engine clean. This can result in improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions.

1. Engine Wear Protection: Engine oil additives can provide additional protection against wear and tear, extending the lifespan of your engine. They can form a protective barrier on the engine’s surfaces, reducing friction and preventing metal-to-metal contact.

An engine oil anti-wear additive, for example, can create a protective film on the engine’s components, reducing wear and extending their lifespan. This can be particularly beneficial for older engines or engines that operate under heavy loads.

Drawbacks of Using Engine Oil Additives

While engine oil additives can offer several benefits, it’s important to consider their potential drawbacks as well. Here are some of the drawbacks associated with using engine oil additives:

1. Compatibility Issues: Engine oil additives may not be compatible with all types of engine oils. It’s crucial to ensure that the additive you choose is compatible with the oil recommended by your vehicle manufacturer. Using incompatible additives can lead to adverse effects on engine performance and may even cause damage.

For instance, using an engine oil stabilizer that is not compatible with your engine oil can result in reduced lubrication and increased engine wear.

1. Cost: Engine oil additives can add to the overall cost of maintaining your vehicle. While some additives may be affordable, others can be quite expensive. It’s important to consider the cost-effectiveness of using additives and weigh it against the potential benefits they offer.

For example, an engine oil conditioner may provide certain benefits, but if the cost outweighs the advantages, it may not be a practical choice for every vehicle owner.

1. Limited Effectiveness: Not all engine oil additives deliver the same level of effectiveness. Some additives may provide noticeable improvements in engine performance, while others may have minimal impact. It’s essential to choose additives that are proven to be effective and reliable.

An engine oil supplement that claims to boost horsepower and fuel efficiency may not always deliver the promised results. It’s important to research and choose additives that have a track record of delivering the desired benefits.

Debunking Myths about Engine Oil Additives

Engine oil additives have become a popular topic of discussion among car enthusiasts and mechanics alike. However, there are several myths and misconceptions surrounding these additives that need to be debunked. In this article, we will address some of the common misconceptions about engine oil additives and separate the facts from fiction.

Common Misconceptions about Engine Oil Additives

1. Myth: Engine oil additives are not necessary because modern engine oils already contain all the necessary additives.

2. Fact: While it is true that modern engine oils are formulated with a variety of additives, engine oil additives can still provide additional benefits. Engine oil additives are designed to enhance specific properties of the oil, such as lubrication, wear protection, and viscosity improvement. They can also help address specific issues, such as reducing friction, preventing oxidation, and improving fuel efficiency.

3. Myth: Engine oil additives can fix major engine problems and prevent the need for repairs.

4. Fact: Engine oil additives are not a magical solution that can fix major engine problems. While they can provide some benefits, such as reducing wear and improving lubrication, they cannot repair mechanical issues or fix damaged engine components. It is important to address any major engine problems with proper repairs and maintenance.

5. Myth: Engine oil additives can significantly increase fuel efficiency and horsepower.

6. Fact: While some engine oil additives claim to improve fuel efficiency and horsepower, the actual impact is often minimal. The primary function of engine oil is to lubricate and protect the engine, and while additives can enhance these properties, their effect on fuel efficiency and horsepower is generally limited. Other factors, such as proper maintenance, driving habits, and vehicle condition, have a much greater impact on fuel efficiency and performance.

7. Myth: Engine oil additives can extend the oil change interval.

8. Fact: Engine oil additives cannot extend the oil change interval beyond what is recommended by the vehicle manufacturer. The oil change interval is determined based on factors such as the type of oil, driving conditions, and the engine’s requirements. While some additives may help keep the oil cleaner for longer, it is still important to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations for oil changes to ensure optimal engine performance and longevity.

Facts vs Fiction: The Truth about Engine Oil Additives

Now that we have debunked some common misconceptions, let’s take a look at the facts and separate them from fiction when it comes to engine oil additives.

• Fact: Engine oil additives can provide additional benefits to the engine oil, such as improved lubrication, wear protection, and viscosity improvement. They can help optimize engine performance and protect against premature wear and tear.

• Fact: Engine oil additives can be effective in addressing specific issues, such as reducing friction, preventing oxidation, and improving fuel efficiency. However, their impact may vary depending on the specific additive and the engine’s condition.

• Fact: Engine oil additives should be used as recommended by the manufacturer or as advised by a qualified mechanic. It is important to choose additives that are compatible with the engine oil and follow the recommended dosage to avoid any potential negative effects.

• Fact: Engine oil additives are not a substitute for proper maintenance and repairs. Regular oil changes, filter replacements, and other routine maintenance tasks are essential for maintaining the overall health and performance of the engine.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Engine Oil Additives

Engine oil additives are products that are designed to enhance the performance of engine oil. They are formulated to provide additional benefits such as improved engine lubrication, reduced friction, increased wear protection, and enhanced engine performance. However, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of these additives before incorporating them into your engine maintenance routine. In this article, we will explore the question of whether engine oil additives really work and discuss the factors to consider when assessing their effectiveness.

Do Engine Oil Additives Really Work?

The effectiveness of engine oil additives can vary depending on the specific product and its intended purpose. While some additives may deliver noticeable improvements in engine performance, others may have limited or negligible effects. It is essential to understand that engine oil additives are not a magical solution that can fix all engine problems. They are designed to complement the existing properties of engine oil and provide additional benefits.

To determine whether engine oil additives really work, it is important to consider the following factors:

1. Product Quality: The quality of the engine oil additive plays a crucial role in its effectiveness. Look for additives from reputable manufacturers that have been tested and proven to deliver the desired results. Reading customer reviews and seeking recommendations from automotive experts can help you identify high-quality products.

2. Compatibility: Engine oil additives should be compatible with the type of engine oil you are using. Different additives are formulated for specific types of engine oils, such as synthetic, conventional, or high mileage oils. Using an incompatible additive may lead to adverse effects or even damage to your engine.

3. Intended Purpose: Engine oil additives are formulated for different purposes, such as improving fuel efficiency, reducing engine wear, or enhancing engine performance. It is important to choose an additive that aligns with your specific needs. For example, if you are looking to improve fuel efficiency, opt for an additive that is designed for that purpose.

4. Proper Application: Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for the correct dosage and application of the engine oil additive. Adding too much or too little can affect its effectiveness. It is also important to note that some additives may require multiple applications over time to achieve the desired results.

5. Realistic Expectations: Engine oil additives are not a magic solution that can instantly transform your engine’s performance. While they can provide certain benefits, it is important to have realistic expectations. Understand that the effectiveness of additives may vary depending on the condition of your engine and other factors.

By considering these factors and conducting thorough research, you can make an informed decision about whether to use engine oil additives and select the most suitable product for your needs.

Factors to Consider When Assessing the Effectiveness of Engine Oil Additives

When assessing the effectiveness of engine oil additives, it is important to consider the following factors:

1. Improved Engine Performance: One of the key indicators of an effective engine oil additive is improved engine performance. This can be measured by factors such as increased horsepower, smoother acceleration, and reduced engine noise. Conducting before-and-after performance tests can help evaluate the effectiveness of the additive.

2. Enhanced Engine Lubrication: Engine oil additives should improve the lubrication properties of the oil, reducing friction and wear on engine components. Look for additives that contain anti-wear agents and friction reducers. These additives form a protective layer on metal surfaces, reducing metal-to-metal contact and minimizing wear.

3. Fuel Efficiency: Some engine oil additives are designed to improve fuel efficiency by reducing friction and optimizing engine performance. Evaluate the additive’s impact on fuel consumption by monitoring your vehicle’s mileage before and after using the additive. Keep in mind that individual results may vary depending on driving habits and other factors.

4. Engine Cleanliness: Engine oil additives can also help keep the engine clean by preventing the buildup of deposits and sludge. Look for additives that contain detergents and dispersants, which help remove contaminants and keep the engine internals clean. Regular oil analysis can provide insights into the cleanliness of the engine oil.

5. Long-Term Benefits: Assess the long-term benefits of using engine oil additives. Consider factors such as extended engine life, reduced maintenance costs, and improved overall engine health. While immediate results may be noticeable, the true effectiveness of an additive can be determined by its long-term impact on engine performance and durability.

Remember, when evaluating the effectiveness of engine oil additives, it is important to consider multiple factors and conduct thorough research. Each additive may have different effects depending on the specific product and its intended purpose. By understanding these factors and making informed decisions, you can optimize the performance and longevity of your engine.

Making the Decision: To Use or Not to Use Engine Oil Additives

Engine oil additives are a topic of much debate among car enthusiasts and mechanics alike. Some swear by their benefits, while others remain skeptical of their effectiveness. In this article, we will explore the considerations before using engine oil additives and examine expert opinions on their use.

Considerations Before Using Engine Oil Additives

Before deciding whether to use engine oil additives, it’s important to consider a few factors. Let’s take a look at some key considerations:

1. Engine Condition: Assess the overall condition of your engine. If your engine is relatively new and in good shape, you may not need to use additives. However, if your engine is older or experiencing issues such as increased oil consumption or decreased performance, additives could potentially help.

2. Specific Needs: Determine the specific needs of your engine. Are you looking to improve lubrication, reduce friction, enhance performance, or address a specific issue? Different additives cater to different needs, so it’s crucial to identify what you’re trying to achieve.

3. Manufacturer Recommendations: Check your vehicle’s manufacturer recommendations. Some car manufacturers explicitly state whether the use of additives is recommended or not. Following these guidelines can help prevent any potential warranty issues.

4. Quality of Additives: Not all engine oil additives are created equal. It’s important to choose high-quality products from reputable brands. Look for additives that have been tested and approved by industry standards organizations.

5. Compatibility: Ensure that the additives you choose are compatible with your engine oil. Some additives may not work well with certain types of oil or could even cause damage. Always read the product labels and consult with a professional if you’re unsure.

6. Cost vs. Benefit: Consider the cost-effectiveness of using additives. Evaluate the potential benefits against the additional expense. In some cases, the benefits may outweigh the cost, while in others, it may not be worth the investment.

By carefully considering these factors, you can make an informed decision about whether or not to use engine oil additives.

Expert Opinions on the Use of Engine Oil Additives

Experts in the automotive industry have varying opinions on the use of engine oil additives. Let’s take a look at some common viewpoints:

1. Supporters: Some experts believe that certain engine oil additives can provide tangible benefits. For example, engine oil stabilizers can help reduce wear and tear, while viscosity improvers can enhance lubrication in extreme temperatures. These additives can potentially improve engine performance and extend its lifespan.

2. Skeptics: On the other hand, skeptics argue that modern engine oils already contain a balanced blend of additives that meet the requirements of most engines. They believe that using additional additives may not provide significant benefits and could even disrupt the carefully engineered balance of the oil.

3. Case-by-Case Basis: Many experts agree that the use of engine oil additives should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. They emphasize the importance of understanding the specific needs of the engine and choosing additives that address those needs effectively. Consulting with a trusted mechanic or automotive professional can provide valuable insights tailored to your specific situation.

Ultimately, the decision to use engine oil additives is a personal one. It’s essential to weigh the potential benefits against the considerations mentioned earlier and make an informed choice based on your engine’s condition and specific needs.

Remember, regular maintenance, including timely oil changes and using high-quality engine oil, is crucial for optimal engine performance. Engine oil additives should be seen as supplements, not substitutes, to proper maintenance practices.

So, the next time you consider using engine oil additives, take a moment to evaluate your engine’s needs and make a decision that aligns with your goals for engine performance and longevity.

Frequently Asked Questions about Engine Oil Additives

Are Engine Oil Additives Worth It?

Engine oil additives are a popular topic of discussion among car enthusiasts and mechanics. Many people wonder if these additives are worth the investment and if they truly provide any benefits. The answer to this question depends on various factors, such as the specific additive being used and the condition of your engine.

Some engine oil additives can indeed be worth it, as they can enhance engine performance, improve lubrication, and provide additional protection against wear and tear. For example, engine oil additives that act as friction reducers can help reduce the amount of friction between moving parts, resulting in smoother operation and potentially improved fuel efficiency.

However, it’s important to note that not all engine oil additives are created equal. Some may not provide any noticeable benefits or may even have negative effects on your engine. It’s crucial to do thorough research and choose reputable brands that have been tested and proven to be effective.

To determine if an engine oil additive is worth it for your specific needs, consider factors such as your vehicle’s age, mileage, and the type of driving you do. Consulting with a trusted mechanic or reading reviews from other car owners can also provide valuable insights.

Can Oil Additives Hurt My Engine?

While some engine oil additives can provide benefits, it’s also possible for certain additives to have negative effects on your engine. This is why it’s crucial to choose additives from reputable brands and follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.

One potential risk of using oil additives is that they may alter the viscosity of the oil. Engine oil viscosity refers to its thickness or resistance to flow. The viscosity of the oil is carefully engineered to meet the specific requirements of your engine. Adding an additive that alters the viscosity can disrupt the oil’s ability to properly lubricate the engine, potentially leading to increased wear and tear.

Another concern is the compatibility of the additive with your engine’s components. Some additives may contain chemicals that can react negatively with certain materials, such as seals or gaskets. This can result in leaks or other damage to the engine.

To minimize the risk of additives harming your engine, it’s important to choose additives that are specifically designed for your engine type and follow the recommended dosage. Additionally, regular oil changes and maintenance can help ensure the overall health of your engine.

What Additives are in Engine Oil?

Engine oil is a complex mixture of base oils and various additives that work together to provide optimal lubrication and protection for your engine. These additives are carefully formulated to meet the specific requirements of different engines and driving conditions.

Some common additives found in engine oil include:

1. Detergents: These additives help keep the engine clean by preventing the buildup of deposits and sludge. They work by dispersing contaminants and preventing them from sticking to engine surfaces.

2. Anti-wear additives: These additives form a protective layer on metal surfaces, reducing friction and wear. They are especially important in high-stress areas such as the engine’s valve train.

3. Anti-oxidants: These additives help prevent the oil from oxidizing and breaking down due to exposure to heat and oxygen. They extend the oil’s lifespan and maintain its effectiveness.

4. Viscosity improvers: These additives help regulate the oil’s viscosity across a range of temperatures. They ensure that the oil maintains its optimal thickness and flow characteristics, providing proper lubrication in both cold starts and high-temperature conditions.

5. Anti-foaming agents: These additives prevent the formation of foam in the oil, which can reduce its lubricating properties. Foam can occur due to agitation or aeration of the oil, and anti-foaming agents help maintain the oil’s stability.

6. Anti-corrosion additives: These additives protect engine components from corrosion caused by moisture or acidic byproducts of combustion. They help extend the lifespan of the engine and maintain its performance.

It’s important to note that different engine oils may contain different combinations and concentrations of additives, depending on their intended use and specifications. Always refer to the manufacturer’s recommendations for the appropriate oil and additives for your specific engine.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. Are engine additives worth it?

Engine additives, such as engine oil additives, can provide various benefits to your engine. However, whether they are worth it or not depends on your specific needs and the condition of your engine. It is recommended to consult with a professional or refer to your vehicle’s manufacturer guidelines before using any engine additives.

2. Are engine oil additives any good?

Engine oil additives can be effective in improving engine performance and extending the life of your engine. They can provide benefits such as enhanced lubrication, reduced friction, improved wear protection, and increased fuel efficiency. However, the effectiveness of engine oil additives may vary depending on the specific product and the condition of your engine.

3. Should I use engine oil additives?

Using engine oil additives can be beneficial in certain situations. If you have an older engine with signs of wear and tear, engine oil additives can help improve lubrication and reduce friction. Additionally, if you want to enhance the performance of your engine or improve fuel efficiency, using engine oil additives may be worth considering. However, it is important to choose the right product and follow the manufacturer’s instructions.

4. Is engine oil additives good or bad?

The effectiveness of engine oil additives can vary depending on the specific product and the condition of your engine. When used correctly and in appropriate quantities, engine oil additives can provide benefits such as improved lubrication, reduced friction, and enhanced engine performance. However, using the wrong additives or using them excessively can potentially harm your engine. It is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and consult with a professional if you have any concerns.

5. Can oil additives hurt my engine?

If used incorrectly or in excessive amounts, oil additives, including engine oil additives, can potentially harm your engine. Using the wrong additives or using them in a way that is not recommended by the manufacturer can lead to clogged filters, reduced engine performance, and other issues. It is important to follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer and consult with a professional if you are unsure about using oil additives.

6. Do engine oil additives work?

Engine oil additives can work effectively in improving engine performance and providing various benefits. They can help enhance lubrication, reduce friction, improve wear protection, and increase fuel efficiency. However, the effectiveness of engine oil additives may vary depending on the specific product and the condition of your engine. It is recommended to choose reputable brands and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for best results.

7. What additives are in engine oil?

Engine oil can contain various additives to enhance its performance. Some common additives found in engine oil include anti-wear additives, anti-oxidants, anti-foaming agents, viscosity improvers, detergents, and anti-corrosion additives. These additives help improve lubrication, reduce friction, prevent oxidation, maintain viscosity, clean the engine, and protect against corrosion.

8. Are oil additives worth it?

Oil additives, including engine oil additives, can provide benefits such as improved engine performance, enhanced lubrication, and increased fuel efficiency. However, whether they are worth it or not depends on your specific needs and the condition of your engine. It is advisable to consult with a professional or refer to your vehicle’s manufacturer guidelines before using any oil additives.

9. What are the benefits of engine oil additives?

Engine oil additives offer several benefits, including enhanced lubrication, reduced friction, improved wear protection, increased fuel efficiency, and better engine performance. They can also help clean the engine, prevent oxidation, maintain viscosity, and protect against corrosion. The specific benefits may vary depending on the type and quality of the engine oil additive used.

10. How effective are engine oil additives in enhancing engine performance?

Engine oil additives can be effective in enhancing engine performance by improving lubrication, reducing friction, and providing better wear protection. They can help optimize engine efficiency, increase power output, and improve fuel economy. However, the effectiveness of engine oil additives may vary depending on the specific product, the condition of your engine, and other factors. It is recommended to choose reputable brands and follow the manufacturer’s instructions for best results.