DIY Submersible Well Pump: A Comprehensive Guide

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A DIY submersible well pump project involves a deep understanding of various technical specifications and quantifiable data points to ensure a successful installation and operation. This comprehensive guide will provide you with the necessary information to tackle your DIY submersible well pump project with confidence.

Well Depth and Pump Depth

The depth of the well is a crucial factor in determining the type of pump and the length of the drop pipe required. For instance, a well that is 200 feet deep will require a different pump and drop pipe length than a well that is only 50 feet deep. The depth at which the pump is installed in the well also matters. A pump that is installed 20 feet down a 50-foot well will be easier to retrieve than a pump that is installed at the bottom of a 200-foot well.

To determine the appropriate well depth and pump depth, consider the following:

  • Well Depth: Measure the depth of your well using a well depth sounder or a weighted tape measure. This information will help you select the right pump and drop pipe length.
  • Pump Depth: Decide on the optimal depth for the pump installation based on the well depth and the specific requirements of your project. Generally, the pump should be installed at least 20 feet below the water level to ensure proper submersion and prevent air intake.
  • Pump Clearance: Ensure that there is sufficient clearance between the pump and the bottom of the well to prevent the pump from getting stuck or damaged. A minimum clearance of 5 feet is recommended.

Pump Type and Wiring

diy submersible well pump

The type of pump used is an essential consideration in a DIY submersible well pump project. There are two main types of submersible well pumps: 2-wire and 3-wire.

  • 2-Wire Pumps: These pumps are the most common and are typically used in shallower wells (up to 200 feet deep). They have a simpler wiring configuration and are generally easier to install and maintain.
  • 3-Wire Pumps: These pumps are designed for deeper wells (up to 500 feet deep) and have a more complex wiring configuration. They require a separate control box and may be more challenging to install and retrieve.

When selecting the pump type, consider the following:

  • Well Depth: Refer to the manufacturer’s recommendations to ensure that the pump is suitable for the depth of your well.
  • Voltage and Power Requirements: Ensure that the pump’s voltage and power requirements match your home’s electrical system. 240-volt pumps are typically more suitable for deeper wells.
  • Pump Capacity: Choose a pump with a flow rate and pressure that meets the water demand of your household.

Proper wiring of the submersible well pump is crucial for its safe and efficient operation. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully and consider the following:

  • Electrical Connections: Ensure that all electrical connections are properly sealed and protected from moisture to prevent short circuits or electrical hazards.
  • Grounding: Properly ground the pump and the electrical system to prevent electrical shocks and ensure safety.
  • Circuit Breakers: Install the appropriate circuit breakers to protect the pump and the electrical system from overloads and short circuits.

Pipe Size and Material

The size and material of the drop pipe and the pipe that connects the pump to the house are also important considerations in a DIY submersible well pump project. The pipe must be able to withstand the pressure and weight of the water and the pump.

When selecting the pipe size and material, consider the following:

  • Pipe Size: The pipe size should be based on the pump’s flow rate and the desired water pressure. Typically, a 1-inch or 1.25-inch pipe is suitable for most residential applications.
  • Pipe Material: Common pipe materials for submersible well pumps include polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and stainless steel. Each material has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of durability, corrosion resistance, and ease of installation.
  • Pipe Pressure Rating: Ensure that the pipe has a pressure rating that is suitable for the depth of your well and the pump’s operating pressure. A 200 psi rating is generally recommended for a 100-foot drop.
  • Pipe Connections: Use appropriate fittings and connectors to ensure a secure and leak-proof connection between the pump and the pipe, as well as between the pipe sections.

Voltage, Power, and Electrical Requirements

The voltage and power requirements of the pump are critical factors in a DIY submersible well pump project. Ensure that the pump’s electrical specifications match your home’s electrical system.

Consider the following when addressing the voltage, power, and electrical requirements:

  • Voltage: Submersible well pumps are typically available in 120-volt or 240-volt configurations. 240-volt pumps are generally more suitable for deeper wells, as they can provide higher power and better performance.
  • Power Requirements: Determine the pump’s power requirements, including the starting and running amperage, to ensure that your home’s electrical system can handle the load.
  • Electrical Wiring: Use the appropriate gauge of wire and follow local electrical codes when wiring the pump to your home’s electrical system.
  • Circuit Breakers: Install the correct size of circuit breakers to protect the pump and the electrical system from overloads and short circuits.
  • Grounding: Properly ground the pump and the electrical system to prevent electrical shocks and ensure safety.

Water Flow Rate and Pressure

The flow rate and pressure of the water delivered by the pump are also important considerations in a DIY submersible well pump project. The pump must be able to meet the water demand of your household.

When determining the water flow rate and pressure, consider the following:

  • Flow Rate: Measure the flow rate of your well using a flow meter or by timing the fill-up of a container of known volume. A typical household may require a flow rate of 10-20 gallons per minute (GPM).
  • Water Pressure: Measure the water pressure at the well head or at the point of use. Typical household water pressure ranges from 40 to 60 pounds per square inch (psi).
  • Pump Capacity: Select a pump that can deliver the required flow rate and pressure to meet your household’s water demand.
  • Pressure Tank: Install a properly sized pressure tank to help maintain a consistent water pressure and reduce the pump’s on-off cycling.

Installation Tools and Equipment

The tools and equipment required for the installation of a DIY submersible well pump are essential for a successful project. Ensure that you have the following items on hand:

  • Pitless Adapter Wrench: Used to install and remove the pitless adapter, which connects the drop pipe to the well casing.
  • Blow Torch: Helpful for heating and bending the drop pipe during installation.
  • Thread Sealant: Used to create a watertight seal on the pipe threads.
  • Adjustable Pliers: Useful for tightening and loosening pipe fittings.
  • Rope or Cable: Used to lower and retrieve the pump from the well.
  • Pump Hoist: Helpful for lifting and positioning the pump during installation.
  • Multimeter: Used to test the electrical connections and the pump’s performance.

By understanding and addressing these technical specifications and quantifiable data points, you can successfully tackle your DIY submersible well pump project and ensure the reliable and efficient operation of your water supply system.

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